Editing Richard II (play) (section)

==Sources==
[[File:1587 printing of Holinshed's Chronicles (crop 1).jpg|thumb|306x306px|The 1587 edition of [[Holinshed]]'s ''Chronicles'']]
Shakespeare's primary source for ''Richard II'', as for most of his chronicle histories, was [[Raphael Holinshed]]'s ''Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande''; the publication of the second edition in 1587 provides a ''[[terminus post quem]]'' for the play.<ref>Gurr (1990: 55)</ref> [[Edward Hall]]'s ''The Union of the Two Illustrious Families of Lancaster and York'' appears also to have been consulted,{{sfn|Forker|2002|pp=136–138}} and scholars have also supposed Shakespeare familiar with [[Samuel Daniel]]'s poem on the civil wars.{{sfn|Forker|2002|pp=112–114}}

A somewhat more complicated case is presented by the anonymous play sometimes known as ''The First Part of Richard II''. This play, which exists in one incomplete manuscript copy (at the [[British Museum]]), is subtitled ''[[Thomas of Woodstock (play)|Thomas of Woodstock]]'', and scholars since [[Frederick S. Boas|F. S. Boas]] have usually called it by that name. This play treats the events leading up to the start of Shakespeare's play (though the two texts do not have identical characters). This closeness, along with the manuscript's anonymity, have led certain scholars to attribute all or part of the play to Shakespeare, though many critics view it as a secondary influence on Shakespeare, not as his work.<ref>Shapiro, I. A. "Richard II or Richard III or..." ''Shakespeare Quarterly'' 9 (1958): 206</ref>

Shakespeare may have drawn from his contemporary [[Christopher Marlowe|Christopher Marlowe's]] historical play ''[[Edward II (play)|Edward II]]'' for ''Richard II''. The two plays have similar structures, and critics have drawn parallels between particular passages and themes, such as the contradiction between the king's theoretical absolute power and the actual restraints placed on him by his subjects. [[Charles Lamb]] opined that "The reluctant pangs of abdicating Royalty in ''Edward'' furnished hints which Shakespeare scarce improved in his ''Richard the Second''".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marlowe |first=Christopher |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Edward_the_Second/axTzkFP9IHoC?hl=en&gbpv=1 |title=Edward the Second |date=1995-10-15 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-3089-5 |editor-last=Forker |editor-first=Charles R. |pages=36-39 |language=}}</ref>