Editing Ribavirin (section)

=== Viral hemorrhagic fever ===
Ribavirin is the only known treatment for a variety of [[viral hemorrhagic fever]]s, including [[Lassa fever]], [[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]], [[Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever]], and [[Hantavirus]] infection, although data regarding these infections are scarce and the drug might be effective only in early stages.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.rki.de/cln_091/nn_468470/DE/Content/InfAZ/Steckbriefe/Steckbriefe__120606,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/Steckbriefe_120606.pdf|title=Steckbriefe seltener und importierter Infektionskrankheiten|trans-title=Characteristics of rare and imported infectious diseases|publisher=[[Robert Koch Institute]]|isbn=978-3-89606-095-2|location=Berlin|year=2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929151854/http://www.rki.de/cln_091/nn_468470/DE/Content/InfAZ/Steckbriefe/Steckbriefe__120606%2CtemplateId%3Draw%2Cproperty%3DpublicationFile.pdf/Steckbriefe_120606.pdf|archive-date=2011-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ascioglu S, Leblebicioglu H, Vahaboglu H, Chan KA | title = Ribavirin for patients with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy | volume = 66 | issue = 6 | pages = 1215–1222 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21482564 | doi = 10.1093/jac/dkr136 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bausch DG, Hadi CM, Khan SH, Lertora JJ | title = Review of the literature and proposed guidelines for the use of oral ribavirin as postexposure prophylaxis for Lassa fever | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 51 | issue = 12 | pages = 1435–1441 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 21058912 | pmc = 7107935 | doi = 10.1086/657315 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Soares-Weiser K, Thomas S, Thomson G, Garner P | title = Ribavirin for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = BMC Infectious Diseases | volume = 10 | pages = 207 | date = July 2010 | pmid = 20626907 | pmc = 2912908 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-10-207 | doi-access = free }}</ref> It is noted by the [[United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases]] (USAMRIID) that "Ribavirin has poor ''[[in vitro]]'' and ''[[in vivo]]'' activity against the [[filoviruses]] ([[Ebola]]<ref name="Goeijenbier2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goeijenbier M, van Kampen JJ, Reusken CB, Koopmans MP, van Gorp EC | title = Ebola virus disease: a review on epidemiology, symptoms, treatment and pathogenesis | journal = The Netherlands Journal of Medicine | volume = 72 | issue = 9 | pages = 442–448 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 25387613 | url = http://www.njmonline.nl/getpdf.php?t=a&id=10001148 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141129144852/http://www.njmonline.nl/getpdf.php?t=a&id=10001148 | archive-date = 2014-11-29 }}</ref> and [[Marburg Virus|Marburg]]) and the [[flaviviruses]] ([[dengue]], [[yellow fever]], [[Omsk hemorrhagic fever]], and [[Kyasanur forest disease]])"<ref>{{Cite book|title = Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook|publisher = United States Government Printing Office|year = 2011|isbn = 978-0-16-090015-0|pages = 115}}</ref> The aerosol form has been used in the past to treat [[respiratory syncytial virus]]-related diseases in children, although the evidence to support this is rather weak.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ventre K, Randolph AG | title = Ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 1 | pages = CD000181 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17253446 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD000181.pub3 | veditors = Ventre K }}</ref>

Despite questions surrounding its efficacy, ribavirin remains the only antiviral known to be effective in treating Lassa fever.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-26 |title=Treatment {{!}} Lassa Fever {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/lassa/treatment/index.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926004520/https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/lassa/treatment/index.html |archive-date=2023-09-26 }}</ref>

It has been used (in combination with [[ketamine]], [[midazolam]], and [[amantadine]]) in treatment of [[rabies]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hemachudha T, Ugolini G, Wacharapluesadee S, Sungkarat W, Shuangshoti S, Laothamatas J | title = Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management | journal = The Lancet. Neurology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 498–513 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23602163 | doi = 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70038-3 | s2cid = 1798889 }}</ref>