Editing Reprisal (section)

===World War I===
====1914 Portugal-Germany dispute====
An example of reprisal is the [[Naulila Incident|Naulila dispute]] between [[Portugal]] and [[Germany]] in October 1914, when they were on opposite sides of the [[World War I]] chasm. After three Germans were mistakenly killed in Naulila on the border of the then-Portuguese colony of [[Angola]] (in a manner that did not violate international law),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/January-February-2003/scene_giry_janfeb2003.msp |title=Legal Affairs }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Germany carried out a military raid on Naulila, destroying property in retaliation. A claim for compensation was brought by Portugal. The tribunal emphasized that before reprisals could be legally undertaken, a number of conditions had to be satisfied:
*There had to be a previous act by the other party that violated international law.
*Reprisals had to be preceded by an unsatisfied demand for reparation or compliance with the violated international law.
*There must be proportionality between the offence and reprisal.
The German claim that it had acted lawfully was rejected on all three grounds.{{sfn|Shaw|2008|p=1129}}