Editing Receptive aphasia (section)

==Diagnosis==

Aphasia is usually first recognized by the physician who treats the person for his or her brain injury. Most individuals will undergo a [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) or [[computed tomography]] (CT) scan to confirm the presence of a brain injury and to identify its precise location.<ref name="NIDCD">{{cite web|title=Aphasia|url=https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/aphasia|website=National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)}}</ref> In circumstances where a person is showing possible signs of aphasia, the physician will refer him or her to a [[speech-language pathologist]] (SLP) for a comprehensive speech and language evaluation. SLPs will examine the individual's ability to express him or herself through speech, understand language in written and spoken forms, write independently, and perform socially.<ref name="NIDCD" />

The [[American Speech–Language–Hearing Association|American Speech, Language, Hearing Association]] (ASHA) states a comprehensive assessment should be conducted in order to analyze the patient's communication functioning on multiple levels; as well as the effect of possible communication deficits on activities of daily living. Typical components of an aphasia assessment include: case history, self report, oral-motor examination, language skills, identification of environmental and personal factors, and the assessment results. A comprehensive aphasia assessment includes both formal and informal measures.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Aphasia: Roles and responsibilities|url=https://www.asha.org/PRPSpecificTopic.aspx?folderid=8589934663&section=Roles_and_Responsibilities|website=American Speech-Language-Hearing Association}}</ref>

Formal assessments include:
* [[Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination]] (BDAE): diagnoses the presence and type of aphasia, focusing on location of lesion and the underlying linguistic processes.<ref name="Goodglass">{{cite book|last1=Goodglass|first1=H.|last2=Kaplan|first2=E.|last3=Barresi|first3=B.|title=Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination|date=2001|publisher=PRO-ED, Inc.|location=Austin, TX}}</ref> &nbsp;
* [[Western Aphasia Battery]] – Revised (WAB): determines the presence, severity, and type of aphasia; and can also determine baseline abilities of patient.<ref name="WAB">{{cite book|last1=Kereesz|first1=A.|title=Western Aphasia Battery|date=2006|publisher=Pearson|location=San Antonio, TX}}</ref>
* Communication Activities of Daily Living - Second Edition (CADL-2): measures functional communication abilities; focuses on reading, writing, social interactions, and varying levels of communication.<ref name="CADL">{{cite book|last1=Holland|first1=A.L.|last2=Fromm|first2=D.|last3=Wozniak|first3=L.|title=Communication Activities in Daily Living (CADL-3)|date=2018|publisher=Brijan Resources|location=Alberta, Canada|edition=3rd}}</ref>
* Revised Token Test (RTT): assess receptive language and auditory comprehension; focuses on patient's ability to follow directions.<ref name="RTT">{{cite book|last1=McNeil|first1=M.M.|last2=Prescott|first2=T.E.|title=Revised Token Test|date=1978|publisher=PRO-ED, Inc.|location=Austin, TX}}</ref>

Informal assessments, which aid in the diagnosis of patients with suspected aphasia, include:<ref name="Assessment Tools">{{cite web|title=Assessment Tools, Techniques, and Data Sources|url=https://www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Late-Language-Emergence/Assessment-Tools-Techniques-and-Data-Sources/|website=American Speech-Language-Hearing Association}}</ref>
* Conversational speech and language sample<ref name="Assessment Tools" />
* Family interview<ref name="Assessment Tools" />
* Case history or medical chart review<ref name="Assessment Tools" />
* Behavioral observations<ref name="Assessment Tools" />

Diagnostic information should be scored and analyzed appropriately. Treatment plans and individual goals should be developed based on diagnostic information, as well as patient and caregiver needs, desires, and priorities.<ref name=":0" />