Editing Ray Hnatyshyn (section)

==Governor General of Canada==
[[File:10 Rideau Hall P1350151.jpg|thumb|[[Rideau Hall]], Hnatyshyn's Ottawa residence during his term as governor general]]

On December 14, 1989, [[Monarchy of Canada|Queen]] [[Elizabeth&nbsp;II]], by commission under the [[royal sign-manual]] and [[Great Seal of Canada]], appointed [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Brian Mulroney]]'s choice of Hnatyshyn to succeed [[Jeanne Sauvé]] as the [[Governor General of Canada|Queen's representative]]. He was the second consecutive Saskatchewan-born Governor-General. Hnatyshyn was sworn in during a ceremony in the Senate chamber on January 29, 1990.<ref name="CBCarchive-swornin"/>

Hnatyshyn thereafter made an effort to open up [[Rideau Hall]]—the monarch's and governor general's residence in Ottawa<ref>{{Citation| last=Galbraith| first=William| title=Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1939 Royal Visit| journal=Canadian Parliamentary Review| volume=12| issue=3| publisher=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association| location=Ottawa| year=1989| url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/english/issue.asp?param=130&art=820| archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205052132/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/english/issue.asp?param=130&art=820| url-status=dead| archive-date=December 5, 2012| access-date=February 20, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Aimers| first=John| author-link=John Aimers | title=The Palace on the Rideau| journal=Monarchy Canada| issue=Spring 1996| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| location=Toronto| date=April 1996| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/palace.htm| access-date=February 20, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131134713/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/palace.htm |archive-date=2009-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Lanctot| first=Gustave| author-link=Gustave Lanctot| title=Royal Tour of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Canada and the United States of America 1939| publisher=E.P. Taylor Foundation| year=1964| location=Toronto| id=ASIN B0006EB752}}</ref><ref name=hnatysh>{{Citation| last=Toffoli| first=Gary| title=The Hnatyshyn Years| journal=Monarchy Canada| issue=Spring 1995| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| location=Toronto| date=April 1995| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/hnatysh.htm| access-date=February 20, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618093846/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/hnatysh.htm |archive-date=2009-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=MacLeod| first=Kevin S.| title=A Crown of Maples| place=Ottawa| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| year=2008| edition=1| page=34| url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/fr-rf/crnCdn/crn_mpls-eng.pdf| isbn=978-0-662-46012-1}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb| MacLeod| 2008| p=XIV}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Bousfield| first=Arthur |author2=Toffoli, Gary | title=Fifty Years the Queen| publisher=Dundurn Press| year=2002| location=Toronto| pages=10, 27| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8l5reK7NjoC| isbn=1-55002-360-8}}</ref>—to the public, establishing a visitors' centre and initiating guided tours of the palace and [[Rideau Hall#Grounds|the royal park in which it sits]]. These moves marked a complete reversal of the policies of his predecessor Sauvé, who had closed Rideau Hall to the general public. In 1991, Hnatyshyn staged on the grounds the first of the annual Governor General's Summer Concert Series and, the year after, mounted His Excellency's Most Excellent Rock Concert and re-opened the skating rink to the public.<ref name=CE/>

These events blended with some of Hnatyshyn's self-imposed mandates during his viceregal tenure, which included a desire to engage Canadian youth and focus attention on education and to encourage the arts. To these ends, he established in 1992 the [[Governor General's Performing Arts Award]], the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Voluntarism in the Arts, and the Governor General's Flight For Freedom Award for Lifetime Achievement in Literacy.<ref name=CE/> Further, he founded the International Council for Canadian Studies, the Governor General Ramon John Hnatyshyn Education Fund, the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Law, and the [[Governor General's International Award for Canadian Studies]].<ref name=GGHnat/>

Among numerous other official and ceremonial duties, the Governor General presided over celebrations to mark the 125th anniversary of Confederation<ref name=CBCOB/> and welcomed to Rideau Hall [[Charles, Prince of Wales|the Prince]] and [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess of Wales]], along with a host of foreign dignitaries such as [[President of Russia]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] and [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein]] and [[Queen Noor of Jordan]]. Further, Hnatyshyn undertook a number of [[List of state and official visits by Canada|state visits]], including one to [[Ukraine]],<ref name=GGHnat/> before his time serving [[at Her Majesty's pleasure]] ended on February 6, 1995.

Throughout his tenure as the Canadian viceroy, Hnatyshyn was both defended and criticised by the [[Monarchist League of Canada]]. In their final summary of Hnatyshyn's years in office, though, the former governor general was generally viewed to have not stood up for the Canadian Crown that he represented, choosing to follow, instead of [[Vincent Massey]]'s example, that of Sauvé, who was herself seen as a republican. This lack of loyalty, it was argued, left Hnatyshyn with few defenders when he was targeted by members of the [[Reform Party of Canada|Reform Party]] for his salary and taxes.<ref name=hnatysh/> It was thought by John Pepall that Hnatyshyn's name had been selected by Mulroney to put forward to the Queen for appointment as governor general because Hnatyshyn, who had just recently been a member of the Cabinet headed by Mulroney until losing his parliamentary seat in the 1988 election, was someone Mulroney could "hardly feel any deference for", allowing Mulroney to continue to show the "juvenile extreme of the politician's craving for publicity and centre stage" he had while Jeanne Sauvé was governor general.<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Pepall| first=John| title=Who is the Governor General?| journal=The Idler| location=Toronto| date=1 March 1990| url=http://www.pepall.ca/archive_article.asp?YEAR=&VRT=330| access-date=15 July 2015| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706192918/http://www.pepall.ca/archive_article.asp?YEAR=&VRT=330| archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref>