Editing Rajasthan (section)

=== Ancient times ===
Parts of what is now Rajasthan were partly part of the [[Vedic Civilisation]] and the [[Indus Valley civilisation]]. [[Kalibangan]], in [[Hanumangarh district]], was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazines.com/Indus_Valley_Civilization_related.html|title=Indus Valley Civilization Related Articles arsenical bronze writing, literature|publisher=Amazines.com|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220003630/http://www.amazines.com/Indus_Valley_Civilization_related.html|archive-date=20 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Andrew Topsfield|Topsfield]]<ref name=":0" /> writes that the [[Rajput]]s first entered India from the north west in the first millennium A.D. They established kingdoms in western India in the region that is now known as Rajasthan.<ref name=":0" />

An [[Archaeology|archaeological]] excavation at the [[Balathal]] site in Udaipur district shows a settlement contemporary with the Harrapan civilisation dating back to 3000–1500 BCE. Stone Age tools dating from 5,000 to 200,000 years were found in [[Bundi district|Bundi]] and [[Bhilwara district|Bhilwara]] districts of the state.<ref>{{citation |last=Pillai |first=Geetha Sunil |title=Stone age tools dating back 200,000 years found in Rajasthan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/udaipur/stone-age-tools-dating-back-200000-years-found-in-rajasthan/articleshow/57385393.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 February 2017 |access-date=23 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417224702/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/udaipur/stone-age-tools-dating-back-200000-years-found-in-rajasthan/articleshow/57385393.cms |archive-date=17 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
[[File:Bhabru inscription.jpg|thumb|The [[Minor Rock Edict]] 3 of Ashoka, found on the platform in front of the [[Bairat Temple]] of [[Viratnagar]], Rajasthan.<ref name=ASI>{{cite book |title=Archaeological Survey Of India Four Reports Made During The Years 1862 - 63 - 64 - 65 Volume Ii |date=1871 |pages=242–248 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3s4OAAAAQAAJ |last1=Cunningham |first1=Sir Alexander |access-date=31 October 2023 |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031092627/https://books.google.com/books?id=3s4OAAAAQAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> ]]
The [[Matsya (tribe)|Matsya kingdom]] of the [[Vedic civilisation]] of India is said to roughly corresponded to the former state of [[Jaipur]] in Rajasthan and included the whole of Alwar with portions of [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Chatterjee|first=Ramanand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPkEAAAAMAAJ|title=The Modern review|publisher=Prabasi|year=1948|volume=84|type=History|author-link=Ramananda Chatterjee}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Sita Sharma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZvWAAAAMAAJ|title=Krishna Leela theme in Rajasthani miniatures|author2=Pragati Prakashan|year=1987|page=132}}</ref> The capital of Matsya was at [[Bairat|Viratanagar]] (modern Bairat), which is said to have been named after its founder King [[Virata]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|title=Rajasthan aajtak|isbn=978-81-903622-6-9}}</ref>{{Request quotation|date=July 2018|reason=Non-english source}}

Bhargava<ref>Sudhir Bhargava. "Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati river is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati river". Seminar, ''Saraswati river: a perspective'', 20–22 November 2009, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, organized by Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana. Seminar report: pages 114–117</ref> identifies the two districts of [[Jhunjhunu]] and [[Sikar]] and parts of [[Jaipur]] district along with Haryana districts of [[Mahendragarh]] and [[Rewari]] as part of [[Vedic Period|Vedic]] state of [[Brahmavarta]]. Bhargava also locates the present day [[Sahibi River]] as the Vedic [[Drishadwati]] River, which along with [[Saraswati River]] formed the borders of the Vedic state of Brahmavarta.<ref>[[Manusmriti]]</ref> Manu and [[Bhrigu]] narrated the [[Manusmriti]] to a congregation of seers in this area. The ashrams of Vedic seers [[Bhrigu]] and his son Chayvan Rishi, for whom [[Chyawanprash]] was formulated, were near [[Dhosi Hill]], part of which lies in Dhosi village of [[Jhunjhunu]] district of Rajasthan and part of which lies in [[Mahendragarh]] district of [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jain|first=M. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUfaAQAACAAJ|title=Concise History of Modern Rajasthan|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Wishwa Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7328-010-8|language=en}}</ref>

The [[Western Kshatrapas]] (405–35 BCE), the [[Saka]] rulers of the western part of India, were successors to the [[Indo-Scythians]] and were contemporaneous with the [[Kushans]], who ruled the northern part of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The Indo-Scythians invaded the area of [[Ujjain]] and established the [[Saka era]] (with their [[Saka calendar|calendar]]), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka [[Western Satraps]] state.<ref>John Rosenfield, ''The dynastic art of the Kushans'', p. 130.</ref>