Editing Quinine (section)

====Available forms====
Quinine is a basic [[amine]] and is usually provided as a salt. Various existing preparations include the [[hydrochloride]], dihydrochloride, [[sulfate]], bisulfate and [[gluconate]]. In the United States, quinine sulfate is commercially available in 324&nbsp;mg tablets under the brand name Qualaquin.

All quinine salts may be given orally or [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]]ly (IV); quinine gluconate may also be given [[intramuscular injection|intramuscular]]ly (IM) or rectally (PR).<ref name="Barennes1996">{{cite journal | vauthors = Barennes H, Pussard E, Mahaman Sani A, Clavier F, Kahiatani F, Granic G, Henzel D, Ravinet L, Verdier F | title = Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of a new intrarectal quinine formulation in children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria | journal = British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 41 | issue = 5 | pages = 389–395 | date = May 1996 | pmid = 8735679 | pmc = 2042609 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.03246.x }}</ref><ref name="Barennes2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Barennes H, Balima-Koussoubé T, Nagot N, Charpentier JC, Pussard E | title = Safety and efficacy of rectal compared with intramuscular quinine for the early treatment of moderately severe malaria in children: randomised clinical trial | journal = BMJ | volume = 332 | issue = 7549 | pages = 1055–1059 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16675812 | pmc = 1458599 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1055 }}</ref> The main problem with rectal administration is that the dose can be expelled before it is completely absorbed; in practice, this is corrected by giving a further half dose. No injectable preparation of quinine is licensed in the US; [[quinidine]] is used instead.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)) | title = Treatment with quinidine gluconate of persons with severe Plasmodium falciparum infection: discontinuation of parenteral quinine from CDC Drug Service | journal = MMWR. Recommendations and Reports | volume = 40 | issue = RR-4 | pages = 21–23 | date = April 1991 | pmid = 1850497 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00043932.htm }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Magill A, Panosian C | title = Making antimalarial agents available in the United States | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 353 | issue = 4 | pages = 335–337 | date = July 2005 | pmid = 16000347 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMp058167 | author-link2 = Claire Panosian | doi-access = free }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Quinine base in various salts'''
!Name
!Amount equivalent to 100&nbsp;mg quinine base
|-
|Quinine base
|100&nbsp;mg
|-
|Quinine bisulfate
|169&nbsp;mg
|-
|Quinine dihydrochloride
|122&nbsp;mg
|-
|Quinine gluconate
|160&nbsp;mg
|-
|Quinine hydrochloride
|111&nbsp;mg
|-
|Quinine sulfate dihydrate [(quinine)<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>∙2H<sub>2</sub>O]
|121&nbsp;mg
|}