Editing Quillback (section)

==Life history==
[[File:Bigmouth buffalo vs quillback.jpg|thumb|A bigmouth buffalo (top) compared to a quillback (bottom). Both of these species are long-lived [[Catostomidae|catostomids]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />]]
The quillback is a slow-paced and long-lived freshwater fish species that belongs to a subfamily (Ictiobinae) for which extremely long-lived fishes are becoming known.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lackmann |first1=Alec R. |last2=Kratz |first2=Brandon J. |last3=Bielak-Lackmann |first3=Ewelina S. |last4=Jacobson |first4=Reed I. |last5=Sauer |first5=Derek J. |last6=Andrews |first6=Allen H. |last7=Butler |first7=Malcolm G. |last8=Clark |first8=Mark E. |date=2021-04-09 |title=Long-lived population demographics in a declining, vulnerable fishery — bigmouth buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus) of Jamestown Reservoir, North Dakota |url=https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0485 |journal=Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |volume=78 |issue=10 |pages=1486–1496 |language=en |doi=10.1139/cjfas-2020-0485|s2cid=234864913 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |author=Richard A. Snow |author2=Michael J. Porta |author3=David M. Bogner |title=Examination of the current Oklahoma state record Smallmouth Buffalo |url=https://ojs.library.okstate.edu/osu/index.php/OAS/article/view/8241 |journal=Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science |year=2020 |volume=100 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lackmann |first1=Alec R. |last2=Sereda |first2=Jeff |last3=Pollock |first3=Mike |last4=Bryshun |first4=Reid |last5=Chupik |first5=Michelle |last6=McCallum |first6=Katlin |last7=Villeneuve |first7=James |last8=Bielak-Lackmann |first8=Ewelina S. |last9=Clark |first9=Mark E. |date=2023-02-01 |title=Bet-hedging bigmouth buffalo ( Ictiobus cyprinellus ) recruit episodically over a 127-year timeframe in Saskatchewan |url=https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2022-0122 |journal=Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |language=en |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=313–329 |doi=10.1139/cjfas-2022-0122 |issn=0706-652X}}</ref> A study of a Minnesota population found that they may reach sexual maturity by age 8–9 years, live several decades at adult size, recruit more sporadically than previously realized, and attain longevity in excess of 40 years.<ref name=":1" /> The study also documented accrual of age-spot pigmentation after 30 years,<ref name=":1" /> similar to their larger-bodied cousins, the [[bigmouth buffalo]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lackmann |first1=Alec R. |last2=Black |first2=Stuart A. |last3=Bielak-Lackmann |first3=Ewelina S. |last4=Lackmann |first4=Jeffrey A. |date=2023-10-20 |title=Centenarian lifespans of three freshwater fish species in Arizona reveal the exceptional longevity of the buffalofishes (Ictiobus) |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=17401 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-44328-8 |pmid=37864074 |issn=2045-2322|pmc=10589290 }}</ref> A study from Colorado revealed sexual maturity by an age of 3 years, highly variable recruitment, population declines, and longevity approaching 50 years.<ref name=":2" />