Editing Pseudotsuga (section)

== Species and varieties ==
[[Image:Douglas Fir branch-750px.JPG|right|thumb|Coast Douglas-fir branch]]
[[Image:Pseudotsuga 01.jpg|right|thumb|Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir twig]]
{{cladogram|title=Phylogeny of ''Pseudotsuga''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stull |first1=Gregory W. |last2=Qu |first2=Xiao-Jian |last3=Parins-Fukuchi |first3=Caroline |last4=Yang |first4=Ying-Ying |last5=Yang |first5=Jun-Bo |last6=Yang |first6=Zhi-Yun |last7=Hu |first7=Yi  |last8=Ma |first8=Hong |last9=Soltis |first9=Pamela S. |last10=Soltis |first10=Douglas E. |last11=Li |first11=De-Zhu |last12=Smith |first12=Stephen A. |last13=Yi |first13=Ting-Shuang |display-authors=et al. |year=2021 |title=Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms |journal=Nature Plants |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4 |volume=7 |issue= 8|pages=1015–1025 |doi=10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4|biorxiv=10.1101/2021.03.13.435279 |pmid= 34282286|s2cid=232282918 |doi-access=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stull |first1=Gregory W. |display-authors=et al. |year=2021 |title=main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre |publisher=Figshare |doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Gene_duplications_and_genomic_conflict_underlie_major_pulses_of_phenotypic_evolution_in_gymnosperms/14547354 |doi-access=}}</ref>|
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%;width:200px
|1={{clade
  |1=''[[Pseudotsuga sinensis|P. sinensis]]'' <small>Dode</small>
  |2={{clade
    |1=''[[Pseudotsuga menziesii|P. menziesii]]'' <small>(de Mirbel) Franco</small>
    |2={{clade
      |1=''[[Pseudotsuga japonica|P. japonica]]'' <small>(Shirasawa) Beissner</small>
      |2=''[[Pseudotsuga macrocarpa|P. macrocarpa]]'' <small>(Vasey) Mayr</small>
       }}
     }}
   }}
}}
}}

By far the best-known is the very widespread and abundant [[North America]]n species ''[[Pseudotsuga menziesii]]'', a taxonomically complex species<ref>{{cite journal|first=Peng|last=Li|author2=W. T. Adams |title=Rangewide patterns of allozyme variation in Douglas-fir|journal=Can. J. For. Res.|volume=19|pages=149–161|year=1989|doi=10.1139/x89-022|issue=2}}</ref> divided into two major [[Variety (botany)|varieties]] (treated as distinct [[species]] or [[subspecies]] by some botanists): [[coast Douglas-fir]] or "green Douglas-fir", on the [[Pacific]] coast; and [[Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir]] or "interior Douglas-fir", in the interior west of the continent.  According to some botanists, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir extends south into Mexico to include all [[Mexican Douglas-fir]] populations,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Little|first=E.L.|title=The genus ''Pseudotsuga'' (Douglas-fir) in North America|journal=Leafl. Western Botany|year=1952|volume=6|pages=181–198}}</ref> whereas others have proposed multiple separate species in Mexico<ref>{{cite journal|last=Flous|first=F.|title=Deux espèces nouvelles de ''Pseudotsuga'' Américains|journal=Bulletin de la Société d'histoire naturelle de Toulouse|year=1934|volume=66|pages=211–224}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Flous|first=F.|title=Diagnoses d'espèces et variétés nouvelles de ''Pseudotsuga'' Américains|journal=Bulletin de la Société d'histoire naturelle de Toulouse|year=1934|volume=66|pages=329–346}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Martínez|first=M.|title=Las Pseudotsugas de México|journal=Anales del Instituto de Biología|year=1949|volume=20|pages=129–184}}</ref> and multiple varieties in the United States.  Morphological and genetic evidence suggest that Mexican Douglas-fir should probably be considered a distinct variety within ''P. menziesii''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Earle |first=C.J. |title=The Gymnosperm Database: ''Pseudotsuga lindleyana'' |url=http://www.conifers.org/pi/Pseudotsuga_lindleyana.php |access-date=12 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118104354/http://www.conifers.org/pi/Pseudotsuga_lindleyana.php |archive-date=18 January 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Reyes-Hernández|first=VJ|author2=Vargas-Hernández JJ|author3=López-Upton J|author4=Vaquera-Huerta H|title=Phenotypic similarity among Mexican populations of Pseudotsuga Carr|journal=Agrociencia|year=2006|volume=40|issue=4|pages=545–556|url=http://www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2006/jul-ago/art-13.pdf|access-date=17 January 2012|archive-date=20 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220225117/http://www.colpos.mx/agrocien/Bimestral/2006/jul-ago/art-13.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Gugger |first=Paul F. |author2=González-Rodríguez, Antonio |author3=Rodríguez-Correa, Hernando |author4=Sugita, Shinya |author-link5=Jeannine Cavender-Bares |author5=Cavender-Bares, Jeannine |title=Southward Pleistocene migration of Douglas-fir into Mexico: phylogeography, ecological niche modeling, and conservation of 'rear edge' populations |journal=New Phytologist |year=2011 |volume=189 |issue=4 |pages=1185–1199 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03559.x |pmid=21118265 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

All of the other species are of restricted range and little-known outside of their respective native environments, where they are often rare and of scattered occurrence in mixed forests; all those have unfavorable [[conservation status]].  The taxonomy of the Asian Douglas-firs continues to be disputed,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gernandt|first=D.S.|author2=Liston, A. |title=Internal transcribed spacer region evolution in ''Larix'' and ''Pseudotsuga'' (Pinaceae)|journal=American Journal of Botany|year=1999|volume=86|issue=5|pages=711–723|doi=10.2307/2656581|jstor=2656581|pmid=10330075|doi-access=free}}</ref> but the most recent taxonomic treatment accepts four species: three Chinese and one Japanese.<ref name=eflora/><ref name=conifer/> The three Chinese species have been variously considered varieties of [[Pseudotsuga sinensis|''P. sinensis'']]<ref name="Farjon 1990">{{cite book|last=Farjon|first=A.|title=Pinaceae: drawings and descriptions of the genera ''Abies'', ''Cedrus'', ''Pseudolarix'', ''Keteleeria'', ''Nothotsuga'', ''Tsuga'', ''Cathaya'', ''Pseudotsuga'', ''Larix'' and ''Picea''|year=1990|publisher=Koeltz Scientific Books|location=Königstein}}</ref> or broken down into additional species and varieties.<ref name="GRINSpecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10022 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Pseudotsuga'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2010-12-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075150/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10022 |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> In the current treatment, the Chinese species ''P. sinensis'' is further subdivided into two varieties: var. ''sinensis'' and var. ''wilsoniana''.

===North America===
* ''[[Pseudotsuga macrocarpa]]'' <small>([[George Vasey (botanist)|Vasey]]) [[Heinrich Mayr|Mayr]]</small> bigcone Douglas-fir – southern California
* ''[[Douglas fir|Pseudotsuga menziesii]]'' <small>([[Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel|Mirb.]]) [[João Manuel Antonio do Amaral Franco|Franco]]</small> – western [[North America]] from [[Alaska]] to [[Oaxaca]]
** [[Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii|''Pseudotsuga menziesii'' var. ''menziesii'']] coast Douglas-fir
** [[Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca|''Pseudotsuga menziesii'' var. ''glauca'']] <small>([[Ludwig Beissner|Beissn.]]) Franco</small> Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir
** ''[[Pseudotsuga menziesii var. lindleyana]]'' <small>([[Benedikt Roezl|Roezl]]) [[Élie-Abel Carrière|Carrière]]</small> Mexican Douglas-fir

===Asia===
* ''[[Pseudotsuga brevifolia]]'' <small>W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu</small> short-leaf Chinese Douglas-fir
* ''[[Pseudotsuga forrestii]]'' <small>Craib</small> Yunnan Douglas-fir
* ''[[Pseudotsuga japonica]]'' <small>([[Yasuyoshi Shirasawa|Shiras.]]) Beissn.</small> Japanese Douglas-fir
* ''[[Pseudotsuga sinensis]]'' <small>Dode</small> Chinese Douglas-fir
** ''Pseudotsuga sinensis'' var. ''sinensis''
** ''Pseudotsuga sinensis'' var. ''wilsoniana'' <small></small> Taiwan Douglas-fir
** ''Pseudotsuga sinensis'' var. ''gaussenii ''<ref name="Farjon 1990"/>

===Formerly placed in ''Pseudotsuga''===
* ''[[Keteleeria davidiana]]'' <small>(Bertrand) Beissn.</small> (as ''P. davidiana'' <small>Bertrand</small>)<ref name="GRINSpecies"/>
* ''[[Cathaya argyrophylla]]'' (as ''P. argyrophylla)''
* ''[[Keteleeria fortunei]]'' (as ''P. fortunei)''
* ''[[Abies magnifica]]'' (as ''P. magnifica)''
* ''[[Abies procera]]'' (as ''P. nobilis)''