Editing Progesterone (section)

===Hormonal interactions===
Progesterone has a number of physiological effects that are amplified in the presence of [[estrogen]]s. Estrogens through [[estrogen receptor]]s (ERs) induce or [[upregulation|upregulate]] the [[gene expression|expression]] of the PR.<ref name="pmid2328727">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kastner P, Krust A, Turcotte B, Stropp U, Tora L, Gronemeyer H, Chambon P | title = Two distinct estrogen-regulated promoters generate transcripts encoding the two functionally different human progesterone receptor forms A and B | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 1603–1614 | date = May 1990 | pmid = 2328727 | pmc = 551856 | doi = 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08280.x }}</ref> One example of this is in [[breast]] tissue, where estrogens allow progesterone to mediate [[lobuloalveolar]] development.<ref name="pmid16917139">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cline JM, Wood CE | title = Hormonal effects on the mammary gland of postmenopausal nonhuman primates | journal = Breast Disease | volume = 24 | pages = 59–70 | date = 1 January 2006 | pmid = 16917139 | doi = 10.3233/bd-2006-24105 | publisher = IOS Press | isbn = 978-1-58603-653-9 | veditors = Hallam SZ, Osuch JR | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wGaKtDw50K0C&pg=PA61 | url-access = subscription | access-date = 2 August 2023 | archive-date = 27 November 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231127222130/https://books.google.com/books?id=wGaKtDw50K0C&pg=PA61 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Johnson2003">{{cite book | vauthors = Johnson LR | title = Essential Medical Physiology | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=j9e-tkdHeUoC&pg=PA770 | year = 2003 | publisher = Academic Press | isbn = 978-0-12-387584-6 | pages = 770 | access-date = 1 February 2016 | archive-date = 14 January 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230114025047/https://books.google.com/books?id=j9e-tkdHeUoC&pg=PA770 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="CoadDunstall2011">{{cite book| vauthors = Coad J, Dunstall M | title = Anatomy and Physiology for Midwives, with Pageburst online access,3: Anatomy and Physiology for Midwives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmSKoYD-iW0C&pg=PA413|year=2011|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-7020-3489-3|pages=413}}</ref>

Elevated levels of progesterone potently reduce the sodium-retaining activity of aldosterone, resulting in natriuresis and a reduction in extracellular fluid volume. Progesterone withdrawal, on the other hand, is associated with a temporary increase in sodium retention (reduced natriuresis, with an increase in extracellular fluid volume) due to the compensatory increase in aldosterone production, which combats the blockade of the mineralocorticoid receptor by the previously elevated level of progesterone.<ref name="pmid13263410">{{cite journal | vauthors = Landau RL, Bergenstal DM, Lugibihl K, Kascht ME | title = The metabolic effects of progesterone in man | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 15 | issue = 10 | pages = 1194–1215 | date = October 1955 | pmid = 13263410 | doi = 10.1210/jcem-15-10-1194 }}</ref>