Editing Prince-bishop (section)

=== Holy Roman Empire ===
{{main|Imperial church system}}
<!--[[File:Kirchenprovinzen Deutschland 1500.jpg|thumb|Archdioceses and suffragan-dioceses, 1500]]
[[File:Holy Roman Empire 1648 Ecclesiastical.png|thumb|Ecclesiastical lands in the Holy Roman Empire, 1648]]-->
[[File:05 CoA Prince-Bishop 02 - mantle no scroll.png|thumb|upright|Arms of a Prince-Bishop with components from both princely and ecclesiastical heraldry.]]
[[File:HRE Dioceses Prince-Bishoprics, c. 1780.jpg|thumb|upright|Ecclesiastical lands in the Holy Roman Empire, 1780]]
Bishops had been involved in the government of the Frankish realm and subsequent [[Carolingian Empire]] frequently as the clerical member of a duo of envoys styled {{lang|la|[[Missus dominicus]]}}, but that was an individual mandate, not attached to the see. Prince-bishoprics were most common in the feudally fragmented [[Holy Roman Empire]], where many were formally awarded the rank of an [[Prince of the Holy Roman Empire|Imperial Prince]] {{lang|de|[[Reichsfürst]]}}, granting them the [[imperial immediacy|immediate]] power over a certain territory and a representation in the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]] ({{lang|de|Reichstag}}).

The [[stem duchy|stem duchies]] of the [[Kingdom of Germany|German Kingdom]] inside the Empire had strong and powerful [[duke]]s (originally, war-rulers), always looking out more for their [[duchy]]'s "[[national interest]]" than for the Empire's. In turn the first [[Ottonian dynasty|Ottonian]] ([[Duchy of Saxony|Saxon]]) king [[Henry the Fowler]] and more so his son, Emperor [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]], intended to weaken the power of the dukes by granting loyal bishops Imperial lands and vest them with {{lang|la|[[regalia]]}} privileges. Unlike dukes they could not pass hereditary titles and lands to any descendants. Instead the Emperors reserved the implementation of the bishops of their [[proprietary church]] for themselves, defying the fact that according to [[canon law]] they were part of the transnational [[Catholic Church]]. This met with increasing opposition by the [[Pope]]s, culminating in the fierce [[Investiture Controversy]] of 1076. Nevertheless, the Emperors continued to grant major territories to the most important (arch)bishops. The immediate territory attached to the episcopal see then became a prince-diocese or (arch)bishopric ({{lang|de|Fürst(erz)bistum}}).<ref>{{lang|de|Joachim Fernau: 'Deutschland, Deutschland über alles — Geschichte der Deutschen'}}</ref> The German term {{lang|de|[[Hochstift]]}} was often used to denote the form of secular authority held by bishops ruling a prince-bishopric with {{lang|de|Erzstift}} being used for prince-archbishoprics.

Emperor [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]] by the [[Golden Bull of 1356]] confirmed the privileged status of the Prince-Archbishoprics of [[Electorate of Mainz|Mainz]], [[Electorate of Cologne|Cologne]] and [[Electorate of Trier|Trier]] as members of the [[Prince-elector|electoral]] college. At the eve of the [[Protestant Reformation]], the [[Imperial state]]s comprised 53 ecclesiastical principalities. They were finally secularized in the 1803 [[German Mediatization]] upon the territorial losses to [[French First Republic|France]] in the [[Treaty of Lunéville]], except for the Mainz prince-archbishop and German archchancellor [[Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg]], who continued to rule as [[Principality of Aschaffenburg|Prince of Aschaffenburg]] and [[Principality of Regensburg|Regensburg]]. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the title finally became defunct in the successor [[Confederation of the Rhine]].

No less than three of the (originally only seven) [[prince-elector]]s, the highest order of {{lang|de|[[Reichsfürst]]en}} (comparable in rank with the French [[pairie|pairs]]), were prince-archbishops, each holding the title of [[Archchancellor]] (the only arch-office amongst them) for a part of the Empire; given the higher importance of an electorate, their principalities were known as {{lang|de|Kurfürstentum}} ("electoral principality") rather than prince-archbishopric.

{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 10%;" class="unsortable" | Arms
! style="width: 10%;" | Name
! style="width: 10%;" | Rank
! style="width: 20%;" class="unsortable" | Local name(s)
! style="width: 10%;" | [[Imperial immediacy]]
! style="width: 10%;" | [[Imperial Circle|Imperial<br />Circle]]
! style="width: 10%;" | Modern<br />nation
! style="width: 30%;" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Augsburg.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg|Augsburg]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Augsburg}}
| {{circa|888}}–1803
| [[Swabian Circle|Swabian]]
| {{DEU}}
| [[Augsburg]] became a Free Imperial City in 1276.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bamberg bis.svg|25px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg|Bamberg]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Bamberg}}
| 1245–1802
| [[Franconian Circle|Franconian]]
| {{DEU}}
|
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Basel.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Basel|Basel]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|fr|Principauté de Bâle}}<br />{{langx|de|Fürstbistum Basel}}
| 1032–1803
| [[Upper Rhenish Circle|Upper Rhenish]]
| {{FRA}}<br />{{DEU}}<br />{{CHE}}
| [[Basel]] joined the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] as the [[Canton of Basel]] in 1501. Secularized as a result of [[Act of Mediation|Swiss Mediation]]. A tiny fraction of the bishopric is not now in Switzerland: [[Schliengen]] and [[Istein]] are both now in Germany; a very small part of the [[Saint-Ursanne|Vogtei of St Ursanne]] is now in France.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Brandenburg.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Brandenburg}}
| {{circa|1165}}–1598
| [[Upper Saxon Circle|Upper Saxon]]
| {{DEU}}
| Founded in 948; annihilated 983; re-established {{circa|1161}}. Continued by Lutheran administrators after the Reformation in 1520; secularized and incorporated into the [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]] in 1571.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Erzbistum Bremen.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen|Bremen]]
| Archbishopric
| {{langx|de|Erzstift Bremen}}
| 1180–1648
| [[Lower Saxon Circle|Lower Saxon]]
| {{DEU}}
| Continued by [[Diocesan administrator#Administrators of prince-bishoprics|Lutheran administrators]] from the Reformation in 1566 until 1645/1648. [[Bremen]] itself became autonomous in 1186, and was confirmed as a Free Imperial City in 1646.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Breslau.png|40px|alt=]]<br>[[File:POL księstwo nyskie COA.svg|25px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Breslau|Breslau]] ([[Duchy of Nysa]])
| Bishopric
| {{langx|cs|Niské knížectví}}<br>{{langx|de|Fürstentum/Herzogtum Neisse}}<br />{{langx|pl|Księstwo Nyskie}}
| [[lands of the Bohemian Crown|fief of the Bohemian crown]], after 1748 also of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
| None
| {{POL}}<br />{{CZE}}<br />(temporal and diocesan territory)<br />{{DEU}}<br />(diocesan territory only)
| Ceded 1335/1348 by Poland. After dissolution of the HRE, secularized in 1810 (Prussian part) and in 1850 (Austrian part). The princely title continued until 1951, elevated to archbishopric 1930
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Brixen.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Brixen|Brixen]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Brixen}} <br/> {{langx|it|Principato vescovile di Bressanone}}
| 1027–1803
| [[Austrian Circle|Austrian]]
| {{ITA}}
| [[German Mediatisation|secularized]] to [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]]
|-
! [[File:CoA Cambrai Diocese.svg|25px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Cambrai|Cambrai]]
| Bishopric, then archbishopric
| {{langx|fr|Principauté de Cambrai}}<br />{{langx|de|Hochstift Kammerich}}
| 1007–1678
| [[Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle|Lower Rhenish / Westphalian]]
| {{FRA}}
| To [[Early modern France|France]] by 1678 [[Treaties of Nijmegen|Peace of Nijmegen]]
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Chur.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Chur|Chur]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Bistum Chur}}<br />{{langx|rm|Chapitel catedral da Cuira}}<br />{{langx|it|Principato vescovile di Coira}}
| 831/1170–1526
| [[Austrian Circle|Austrian]]
| {{CHE}}<br/ >{{LIE}}
| Secularized 1803 as a result of [[Act of Mediation|Swiss Mediation]].
|-
! [[File:Wappen Erzbistum Köln.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Electorate of Cologne|Cologne]]
| Archbishopric electorate
| {{langx|de|Erzstift Köln, Kurköln}}
| 953–1803
| [[Electoral Rhenish Circle|Electoral Rhenish]]
| {{DEU}}
| [[Prince-elector]] and Arch-Chancellor of [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. [[Duchy of Westphalia|Duke of Westphalia]] from 1180. [[Cologne]] became a [[Free Imperial City]] in 1288.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Konstanz.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Constance|Constance]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Konstanz}}
| 1155–1803
| [[Swabian Circle|Swabian]]
| {{AUT}}<br />{{DEU}}<br />{{CHE}}
| Greatly reduced during the [[Reformation]], when significant parts of Swabia and Switzerland became Protestant.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Eichstätt.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Eichstätt|Eichstätt]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Eichstätt}}
| 1305–1802
| [[Franconian Circle|Franconian]]
| {{DEU}}
|
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Freising.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Freising|Freising]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Freising}}
| 1294–1802
| [[Bavarian Circle|Bavarian]]
| {{AUT}}<br />{{DEU}}
|
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Fulda.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Fulda monastery|Fulda]]
| Abbey, then bishopric
| {{langx|de|Reichskloster Fulda, Reichsbistum Fulda}}
| 1220–1802
| [[Upper Rhenish Circle|Upper Rhenish]]
| {{DEU}}
| [[Imperial Abbey]] until 5 October 1752, when it was raised to a bishopric. Secularized in 1802 in the [[German Mediatization]]
|-
! [[File:Wappen Genf matt.svg|25px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Geneva|Geneva]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|fr|Évêché de Genève}}<br />{{langx|de|Fürstbistum Genf}}
| 1154-1526
| [[Upper Rhenish Circle|Upper Rhenish]]
| {{FRA}}<br />{{CHE}}
| {{lang|la|De jure}} {{lang|de|reichsfrei}} since 1154. {{lang|la|De facto}} dominated by their guardians, the [[County of Geneva|counts of Geneva]] (until 1400) and [[County of Savoy|Savoy]] (from 1401). [[Geneva]] joined the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] in 1526.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Halberstadt.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Halberstadt|Halberstadt]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Bistum Halberstadt}}
| 1180–1648
| [[Lower Saxon Circle|Lower Saxon]]
| {{DEU}}
|
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Havelberg.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Havelberg|Havelberg]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Bistum Havelberg}}
| 1151–1598
| [[Lower Saxon Circle|Lower Saxon]]
| {{DEU}}
| Founded in 948; annihilated 983; re-established 1130. Continued by Lutheran administrators from Reformation in 1548 until 1598
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Hildesheim.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Hildesheim|Hildesheim]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Hildesheim}}
| 1235–1803
| [[Lower Saxon Circle|Lower Saxon]]
| {{DEU}}
|
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Lausanne.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishop of Lausanne|Lausanne]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|fr|Principauté épiscopale de Lausanne}}<br />{{langx|de|Bistum Lausanne}}
| 1270–1536
| None
| {{CHE}}
| Conquered by the [[Old Swiss Confederacy|Swiss]] city canton of [[Canton of Bern|Bern]] in 1536.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Lebus.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Lebus|Lebus]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Bistum Lebus}}<br />{{langx|pl|Diecezja lubuska}}
| 1248/1454/1506–1598
| None
| {{DEU}}<br />{{POL}}
| Established 1124 in Poland, 1248-1372 disputed and 1372 ultimately lost to HRE. 1372–1454 [[lands of the Bohemian Crown|fief of the Bohemian crown]], seated in {{lang|de|[[Fürstenwalde]]}} from 1385; {{lang|de|reichsfrei}} ostensibly from 1248, but challenged by [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]]. Continued by [[House of Hohenzollern|Hohenzollern]] Lutheran administrators from Protestant Reformation in 1555 until secularization in 1598.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Lüttich.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Liège|Liège]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|fr|Principauté de Liége}}<!-- é at the time, è now --><br />{{langx|de|Fürstbistum Lüttich}}<br />{{langx|wa|Principåté d' Lidje}}
| 980–1789/1795
| [[Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle|Lower Rhenish / Westphalian]]
| {{BEL}}<br />{{NLD}}
|
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Lübeck.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Lübeck|Lübeck]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Lübeck}}
| 1180–1803
| [[Lower Saxon Circle|Lower Saxon]]
| {{DEU}}
| Seated in [[Eutin]] from the 1270s; Reformation started in 1535, continued by Lutheran administrators from 1586 until secularization in 1803. [[Lübeck]] became a Free Imperial City in 1226.
|-
! [[File:ComtedeLyon.svg|25px|alt=]]
| [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lyon|Lyon]]
| Archbishopric
| {{langx|fr|Archevêque de Lyon}}<br />{{langx|frp|Arch·evèque de Liyon}}
| 1157-1312
| None
| {{FRA}}
| Seated in [[Lyon]]; {{lang|de|Reichsfreiheit}} confirmed by [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick Barbarossa]] in 1157. Annexed by the [[Kingdom of France]] in 1312.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Erzbistum Magdeburg.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Archbishopric of Magdeburg|Magdeburg]]
| Archbishopric
| {{langx|de|Erzstift Magdeburg}}
| 1180–1680
| [[Lower Saxon Circle|Lower Saxon]]
| {{DEU}}
| Continued by [[Diocesan administrator#Administrators of prince-bishoprics|Lutheran administrators]] between 1566 and 1631, and again from 1638 until 1680.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Erzbistum Mainz.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Archbishopric of Mainz|Mainz]]
| Archbishopric electorate
| {{langx|de|Erzbistum Mainz, Kurmainz}}
| {{circa|780}}–1803
| [[Electoral Rhenish Circle|Electoral Rhenish]]
| {{DEU}}
| [[Prince-elector]] and Arch-Chancellor of [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]].
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Merseburg.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Merseburg|Merseburg]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Bistum Merseburg}}
| 1004–1565
| None
| {{DEU}}
| Administered by the Lutheran [[Electorate of Saxony]] between 1544 and 1565.
|-
! [[File:Blason fr Bishop of Metz.svg|50px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Metz|Metz]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|fr|Évêché de Metz}}<br />{{langx|de|Hochstift Metz}}
| 10th century–1552
| [[Upper Rhenish Circle|Upper Rhenish]]
| {{FRA}}
| One of the [[Three Bishoprics]] ceded to France by the 1552 [[Treaty of Chambord]].
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Minden.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Minden|Minden]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Minden}}
| 1180–1648
| [[Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle|Lower Rhenish / Westphalian]]
| {{DEU}}
|
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Münster.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Münster|Münster]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Münster}}
| 1180–1802
| [[Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle|Lower Rhenish / Westphalian]]
| {{DEU}}
|
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Naumburg-Zeitz.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Naumburg|Naumburg]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Bistum Naumburg-Zeitz}}
|
|
| {{DEU}}
| Under guardianship of [[Margraviate of Meissen|Meissen]] from 1259. Administered by [[Electorate of Saxony|Saxony]] from 1564.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Erzbistum Olmütz.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olomouc|Olomouc]]
| Bishopric, then archbishopric
| {{langx|cs|Arcibiskupství olomoucké}}<br />{{langx|de|Erzbistum Olmütz}}<br />{{langx|pl|Archidiecezja ołomuniecka}}
| [[lands of the Bohemian Crown|fief of the Bohemian Crown]], after 1742 also of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
| None
| {{CZE}}<br />{{POL}}
| The Czech bishopric (later Metropolitan) of [[Olomouc]], as a [[lands of the Bohemian Crown|fief of the Bohemian Crown]], was the peer of the [[Margraviate of Moravia]], and from 1365 its prince-bishop was 'Count of the Bohemian Chapel', i.e., first [[court chaplain]], who was to accompany the monarch on his frequent travels. Secularized in 1803, but the princely title continued. However, all bishops' princely titles were abolished by the pope in 1951.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Osnabrück.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück|Osnabrück]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Osnabrück}}
| 1225/1236–1802
| [[Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle|Lower Rhenish / Westphalian]]
| {{DEU}}
| Alternated between Catholic and Protestant incumbents after the [[Thirty Years' War]]; secularized in 1802/1803
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Paderborn.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince Bishopric of Paderborn|Paderborn]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Fürstbistum Paderborn}}
| 1281–1802
| [[Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle|Lower Rhenish / Westphalian]]
| {{DEU}}
|
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Passau.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Passau|Passau]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Passau}}
| 999–1803
| [[Bavarian Circle|Bavarian]]
| {{AUT}}<br />{{DEU}}
| Princely title was confirmed at Nuremberg in 1217.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Ratzeburg.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Ratzeburg|Ratzeburg]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Bistum Ratzeburg}}
| 1236–1648
| [[Lower Saxon Circle|Lower Saxon]]
| {{DEU}}
| Ruled by Lutheran administrators between 1554 and 1648.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Regensburg.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Regensburg|Regensburg]]
| Bishopric, then archbishopric electorate
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Regensburg}}
| 1132?–1803
| [[Bavarian Circle|Bavarian]]
| {{DEU}}
| [[Regensburg]] became a Free Imperial City in 1245.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Erzbistum Salzburg.png|40px|alt=]]
|| [[Archbishopric of Salzburg|Salzburg]]
| Archbishopric electorate
| {{langx|de|Fürsterzbistum Salzburg}}
| 1278–1803
| [[Bavarian Circle|Bavarian]]
| {{AUT}}
| Raised to an electorate in 1803, but simultaneously secularized; ''see [[Electorate of Salzburg]]''. Since 1648, the archbishop has also borne the title {{lang|la|Primas Germaniae}}, First [Bishop] of Germania, which used to include the right to preside over the [[Princes of the Holy Roman Empire]]. However, all bishops' princely titles were abolished by the pope in 1951.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Schwerin.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Schwerin|Schwerin]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Bistum Schwerin}}
| 1180–1648
| [[Lower Saxon Circle|Lower Saxon]]
| {{DEU}}
| Ruled by an administrator between 1516 and 1648.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Speyer.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Speyer|Speyer]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Speyer}}
| 888–1803
| [[Upper Rhenish Circle|Upper Rhenish]]
| {{DEU}}
| Territories to the east of the Rhine were annexed by France in 1681, confirmed in 1697. Speyer became a Free Imperial City in 1294.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Straßburg.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Strasbourg|Strasbourg]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|gsw|Bistum Strossburi}}<br />{{langx|fr|Évêché de Strasbourg}}<br />{{langx|de|Fürstbistum Straßburg}}
| 982–1803
| [[Upper Rhenish Circle|Upper Rhenish]]
| {{FRA}}<br />{{DEU}}
| Territories to the east of the Rhine were annexed by France in 1681, confirmed in 1697.
|-
! [[File:Blason ville fr Moûtiers (Savoie).svg|25px|alt=]]
| [[Roman Catholic Ancient Diocese of Tarentaise|Tarentaise]]
| Archbishopric
| {{langx|fr|Prince-évêque de Tarentaise}}<br />{{langx|frp|Prince Evèque de Tarentèsa}}<br />{{langx|it|Principato vescovile di Tarantasia}}
| 1186-1769
| [[Upper Rhenish Circle|Upper Rhenish]]
| {{FRA}}
| Count of Tarentaise from 996; {{lang|de|reichsfrei}} from 1186. ''De facto'' dominated by their guardians [[County of Savoy|Savoy]] (from 1271). Secularized and annexed by the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]] 1769.<ref name="Borrel">{{cite journal |last1=Borrel |first1=E.L. |title=Origine composition territoriale & Démembrements Successifs des Fiefs de l'évéché de Tarentaise |journal=Recueil des mémoires et documents de l'Académie de la Val d'Isère |date=1889 |volume=5 |pages=254–262 |ref=Borrel}}</ref>
|-
! [[File:Blason Vicherey 88.svg|25px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Toul|Toul]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|fr|Principauté de Toul}}<br />{{langx|de|Bistum Tull}}
| 10th century – 1552
| [[Upper Rhenish Circle|Upper Rhenish]]
| {{FRA}}
| One of the [[Three Bishoprics]] ceded to France by the 1552 [[Treaty of Chambord]], confirmed in 1648.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Trient.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Trent|Trent]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|it|Principato vescovile di Trento}}<br />{{langx|de|Fürstbistum Trient}}
| 1027–1803
| [[Austrian Circle|Austrian]]
| {{ITA}}
| [[German Mediatisation|Secularized]] to [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]] in 1803.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Erzbistum Trier.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Electorate of Trier|Trier]]
| Archbishopric electorate
| {{langx|de|Erzbistum Trier, Kurtrier}}<br />{{langx|fr|Archevêque Trèves}}
| 772–1803
| [[Electoral Rhenish Circle|Electoral Rhenish]]
| {{DEU}}
| [[Prince-elector]] and Arch-Chancellor of [[Kingdom of Burgundy|Burgundy]].
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Utrecht.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht|Utrecht]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|nl|Sticht Utrecht}}
| 1024–1528
| [[Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle|Lower Rhenish / Westphalian]]
| {{NLD}}
| Sold to [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1528, after which it was moved to the [[Burgundian Circle]]. Founding member of the [[Dutch Republic]] in 1579/1581, confirmed in 1648.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Verden.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Verden|Verden]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Verden}}
| 1180–1648
| [[Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle|Lower Rhenish / Westphalian]]
| {{DEU}}
| Continued by Lutheran administrators after Reformation until 1645/1648, when it was continued as a secular and independent principality until its disestablishment in 1807. It became a part of the [[Kingdom of Hanover]] in 1815.
|-
! [[File:Coat of arms of the Bishopric of Verdun.svg|30px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-Bishopric of Verdun|Verdun]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|fr|Principauté de Verdun}}<br />{{langx|de|Bistum Wirten}}
| 10th century – 1552
| [[Upper Rhenish Circle|Upper Rhenish]]
| {{FRA}}
| One of the [[Three Bishoprics]] ceded to France by the 1552 [[Treaty of Chambord]], confirmed in 1648.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Worms.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Worms|Worms]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Bistum Worms}}
| 861–1801
| [[Upper Rhenish Circle|Upper Rhenish]]
| {{DEU}}
| [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] city rule established by Bishop [[Burchard of Worms|Burchard]] (1000–25). Episcopal residence at [[Ladenburg]] from 1400. Held large estates in the former {{lang|de|[[Lahngau]]}} region. Territories on the [[Left Bank of the Rhine]] lost by the 1797 [[Treaty of Campo Formio]]; secularized at first to the [[First French Empire|French Empire]], then to [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]] and [[Grand Duchy of Hesse|Hesse-Darmstadt]] in 1815.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Würzburg.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Bishopric of Würzburg|Würzburg]]
| Bishopric electorate
| {{langx|de|Hochstift Würzburg}}
| 1168–1803
| [[Franconian Circle|Franconian]]
| {{DEU}}
| Duke of Franconia
|}

The suffragan-bishoprics of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk|Gurk]] (established 1070), {{lang|de|[[Bishopric of Chiemsee|Chiemsee]]}} (1216), {{lang|de|[[Prince-bishop of Seckau|Seckau]]}} (1218), and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lavant|Lavant]] (1225) sometimes used the {{lang|de|Fürstbischof}} title, but never held any {{lang|de|reichsfrei}} territory. However, all bishops' princely titles were abolished by the pope in 1951.

<!--
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Gurk.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk|Gurk]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Diözese Gurk}}
|
| None
| {{AUT}}
| Part of [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]], bishops claimed {{lang|de|Fürstbischof}} title, but never held any {{lang|de|[[Imperial immediacy|reichsfrei]]}} territory.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Lavant.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lavant|Lavant]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Diözese Lavant}}<br />{{langx|sl|Škofija Lavant}}
|
| None
| {{AUT}}<br />{{SVN}}
| Part of Carinthia and [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]], bishops since 1446 claimed {{lang|de|Fürstbischof}} title, but never held any {{lang|de|reichsfrei}} territory.
|-
! [[File:Wappen Bistum Seckau.png|40px|alt=]]
| [[Prince-bishop of Seckau|Seckau]]
| Bishopric
| {{langx|de|Diözese Seckau}}
|
| None
| {{AUT}}<br />{{SVN}}?
| Whilst the bishop was known as {{lang|de|Fürstbischof}}, it is unclear whether the bishopric held any {{lang|de|[[reichsfrei]]}} territory.
-->
The [[Patriarchate of Aquileia (state)|Patriarchate of Aquileia]]<ref>{{langx|la|Patriarchæ Aquileiensis}}, {{langx|it|Patriarcato di Aquileia}}, {{langx|fur|Patriarcjât di Aquilee}}, {{langx|vec|Patriarcal de Aquileja}}</ref> (1077–1433) was conquered by [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] in 1420 and officially incorporated after the 1445 [[Council of Florence]].

In [[Bishopric of Brescia|Brescia]] Bishop Notingus was made count of Brescia in 844.

The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Besançon|archbishops of Besançon]] had been rulers in the Middle Ages over [[Besançon]], an [[Free imperial city|Imperial city]] from 1307, which in 1512 joined the [[Burgundian Circle]]. <!-- [[Imperial city of Besançon#History]] gives different dates -->In the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Belley-Ars|Bishopric of Belley]], Saint [[Anthelm of Belley]] was granted {{lang|de|Reichsfreiheit}} by Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]], but submitted temporal authorities to the [[Duchy of Savoy]] in 1401.

The [[Bishopric of Sion]] ({{langx|fr|Principauté épiscopale de Sion}}, {{langx|de|Bistum Sitten}}) was from 999 a classic example of unified secular and diocesan authority. It progressively lost its powers since the Renaissance, and was finally replaced by the [[Republic of the Seven Tithings]] in 1634.