Editing Primary election (section)

=== Semi-closed or semi-open ===
In a "semi-closed primary", as in closed primaries, registered party members can vote only in their own party's primary. Semi-closed systems, however, allow [[Independent voter|unaffiliated voters]] to choose a party to participate in as well. Depending on the state, independents either make their choice of party primary privately, inside the voting booth, or publicly, by registering with any party on Election Day.

Sixteen states{{snd}}Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maine,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meyers|first=David |title=Maine joins list of states with open primaries |url=https://thefulcrum.us/Elections/Voting/maine-open-primaries |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=The Fulcrum |language=en}}</ref> New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sos.state.oh.us/elections/voters/register/#declare|title=Register to Vote and Update Your Registration - Ohio Secretary of State|website=www.sos.state.oh.us|access-date=16 May 2018|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133100/https://www.sos.state.oh.us/elections/voters/register/#declare|url-status=dead}}</ref> Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, and West Virginia{{snd}}have semi-closed primaries that allow voters to register or change party preference on election day.<ref name="Bowman-2012" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Dye|first=Thomas R.|title=Politics in States and Communities|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Education|location=New Jersey|page=152}}</ref> Massachusetts allows unenrolled voters or members of minor parties to vote in the primary of either major party, but registration or party changes must be done no fewer than 20 days prior to the primary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.state.ma.us/ele/eleifv/howreg.htm|title=Registering to Vote|website=www.sec.state.ma.us|access-date=13 August 2020}}</ref>