Editing Presbyterian Church (USA) (section)

===19th century===
In the decades after independence many [[American Protestants]], including Calvinists (Presbyterians and Congregationalists), [[Methodists]], and [[Baptists]],<ref>{{cite web |title=22c. Religious Transformation and the Second Great Awakening |url=http://www.ushistory.org/us/22c.asp |website=USHistory.org |access-date=May 31, 2016 |archive-date=June 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605094518/http://www.ushistory.org/us/22c.asp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hammond |first=Paul |title=From Calvinism to Arminianism: Baptists and the Second Great Awakening (1800–1835) |url=http://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/98384.pdf |website=Baylor.edu |publisher=Oklahoma Baptist University |access-date=May 31, 2016 |quote="Baptists were actively involved in the initial phases of both the rural and urban revival practices, even though the Presbyterians, Congregationalists, and Methodists were the leaders. |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906113949/http://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/98384.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> were swept up in Christian revivals that would later become known as the [[Second Great Awakening]]. Presbyterians also helped to shape voluntary societies that encouraged educational, missionary, evangelical, and reforming work. As its influence grew, many non-Presbyterians feared that the PCUSA's informal influence over American life might effectively make it an [[established church]].{{Sfn | Longfield | 2013 |p=54 }}

The Second Great Awakening divided the PCUSA over revivalism and fear that revivalism was leading to an embrace of [[Arminianism|Arminian theology]]. In 1810, frontier revivalists split from the PCUSA and organized the [[Cumberland Presbyterian Church]].{{Sfn | Longfield | 2013 |pp=57,139 }} Throughout the 1820s, support and opposition to revivalism hardened into well-defined factions, the New School and Old School respectively. By the 1838, the [[Old School–New School Controversy]] had divided the PCUSA. There were now two general assemblies each claiming to represent the PCUSA.{{Sfn | Longfield | 2013 |p=92 }}

In 1858, the New School split along sectional lines when its Southern synods and presbyteries established the pro-slavery United Synod of the Presbyterian Church.{{Sfn | Hall | 1982 |pp=111 }} Old School Presbyterians followed in 1861 after the start of hostilities in the [[American Civil War]] with the formation of the Presbyterian Church in the [[Confederate States of America]].{{Sfn | Longfield | 2013 |pp=108 }} The Presbyterian Church in the CSA absorbed the smaller United Synod in 1864. After the war, this body was renamed the [[Presbyterian Church in the United States]] (PCUS) and was commonly nicknamed the "Southern Presbyterian Church" throughout its history.{{Sfn | Hall | 1982 |pp=111 }} In 1869, the northern PCUSA's Old School and New School factions reunited as well and was known as the "Northern Presbyterian Church".{{Sfn | Longfield | 2013 |pp=114–115 }}