Editing Pope Martin V (section)

===Election===
After deposing [[Antipope John XXIII]] in 1415, the Council of Constance (1417) was long divided by the conflicting claims of [[Pope Gregory XII]] (1406–15) and [[Antipope Benedict XIII]] (1394–1423); eventually Gregory resigned and Benedict was deposed, ending the schism.{{cn|date=March 2025}} Age 48,{{cn|date=March 2025}} Martin was elected pope at the Council on 11 November 1417, taking his pontifical name in honour of [[St. Martin's Day|Martin of Tours]], whose feast fell on the day of his election.<ref name=Ott>{{cite encyclopedia | author = Ott, M. | year = 1910 | chapter = Pope Martin V | title = The Catholic Encyclopedia | volume = 9 | location =  New York, NY | publisher = Robert Appleton Co. | url = http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09725a.htm | access-date = 16 March 2025}}</ref> Participants in the conclave included 23 [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]]s and 30 delegates of the council.{{cn|date=March 2025}} He was ordained a priest on 13 November 1417, and consecrated bishop the next day.<ref name=Miranda/>

Martin left Constance at the close of the council (May 1418), but travelled slowly through Italy and lingered at [[Florence, Italy|Florence]]. His authority in Rome was represented by his brother Giordano, who had fought under [[Muzio Attendolo]] against the [[condottiero]] [[Braccio da Montone]]. The Pope at the time ruled only Rome (when not rebellious) and its environs: Braccio held [[Umbria]], [[Bologna]] as an independent commune, while much of [[Romagna]] and the [[Marche]] was held by local "vicars", who were in fact petty hereditary lords.<ref name=MartinTrecc/> In particular, Martin confirmed [[Giorgio Ordelaffi]] in [[Forlì]], [[Ludovico Alidosi]] in [[Imola]], [[Malatesta IV Malatesta]] in [[Rimini]], and [[Guidantonio da Montefeltro]] in [[Spoleto]], who would later marry the pope's niece Caterina Colonna. 
[[Image:Konstanzer Richental Chronik Die Nachricht der erfolgten Papstwahl wird bekanntgegeben 96r.jpg|thumb|260px|Pope Martin's election is announced. Chronicle of [[Ulrich of Richenthal]].]]
In exchange for the recognition of [[Joanna II of Naples]], Martin obtained the restitution of [[Benevento]], several fiefs in the Kingdom of Naples for his relatives and, most important of all, an agreement that Muzio Attendolo, then hired by the Neapolitans, should leave Rome.<ref name=Ott/>

After a long stay in Florence while these matters were arranged, Martin was able to enter Rome in September 1420. He at once set to work establishing order and restoring the dilapidated churches, palaces, bridges, and other public structures. For this reconstruction he engaged some famous masters of the Tuscan school and helped instigate the Roman Renaissance.<ref name=Ott/>

Faced with competing plans for general reform offered by various nations, Martin V submitted a counter-scheme and entered into negotiations for [[Concordats of 1418|separate concordats]], for the most part vague and illusory, with the [[Holy Roman Empire]], [[England]], [[France]] and [[Spain]].