Editing Pope Innocent V (section)

===Professor and provincial===

Between 1259 and 1264, Peter held the "Chair of the French", one of the two chairs (professorships) that were allocated to the Dominicans.<ref>Pierre Feret, ''La faculté de Théologie de Paris, et ses docteurs les plus célèbres.  Moyen Age.''  II (Paris 1895), pp. 487-494.  Paolo Vian, "[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/beato-innocenzo-v_%28Enciclopedia-dei-Papi%29/ Innocenzo V], beato."  ''Enciclopedia dei papi'' (2000). (in Italian)</ref>

In 1259, he took part in the General Chapter of the [[Dominican Order]] at [[Valenciennes]],<ref>The Acta of this General Chapter are printed by  Benedictus Maria  Reichert, ''Acta Capitulorum Generalium Ordinis Praedicatorum'' Vol. I (Rome-Stuttgart 1898),   pp. 95-101. The sections on studies are on pp. 99-100.</ref> under the leadership of the Master General, Humbertus de Romans, either due to his status as a Master at Paris or as an elected ''Definitor'' (delegate) for the province of France.<ref>A. Touron,  ''Histoire ddes hommes illustres  de l'Ordre de S. Dominique''  Tome premier (Paris 1743),  p. 347.</ref>  Peter participated together with [[Albertus Magnus|Albert the Great]], [[Thomas Aquinas]], Bonushomo Britto,<ref>''Histoire littéraire de la France: XIIIe siècle'', Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1838, Volume 19, p. 103 [https://books.google.com/books?id=LIYNAAAAQAAJ&dq=bonushomo&pg=PA103]  Accessed October 27, 2012</ref> and Florentius.<ref>Reichert, p. 95, note 1.  Florentius was probably Florentius de Hidinio, also called Florentius Gallicus, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LIYNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA103 ''Histoire literaire de la France: XIIIe siècle''], Volume 19, p. 104,   Accessed October 27, 2012.  The presence of these scholars was due to the proximity of Valenciennes to the University of Paris.</ref>  This General Chapter established a ''ratio studiorum'', or program of studies,  which was to be implemented for the entire [[Dominican Order]],<ref>Reichert, p. 98-99. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pf4hAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA701 ''Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics''], Volume 10, p. 701. Accessed 9 June 2011</ref> that featured the study of philosophy as a preparative for those not sufficiently trained to study theology.  This innovation initiated the tradition of Dominican scholastic philosophy which was to be put into practice in every Dominican convent, if possible, for example, in 1265 at the Order's ''studium provinciale'' at the convent of [[Santa Sabina]] in Rome.<ref>[http://www.domcentral.org/study/opstudy.htm "The Place of Study In the Ideal of St. Dominic"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229185458/http://www.domcentral.org/study/opstudy.htm |date=2010-12-29 }}, J. A. Weisheipl, O.P. (1923–1984), 1960.  Accessed 19 March 2013</ref>  Each convent was expected to have an elected ''Lector'' to supervise the preparative studies and an elected Master for theological studies.  In the next year he was assigned the title of Preacher General.

In 1264 a new Master General of the Order of Preachers was elected, [[John of Vercelli]].  It was taken as an opportunity to engage in some academic politics, since Humbertus de Romans, Peter's patron, was dead.  One hundred and eight of Peter's statements in his ''Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard'' were denounced as heretical.<ref>B. Smeraldo, ''Intorno all'opuscolo IX di san Tommaso d'Aquino''. Pietro da Tarantasia ha errato in teologia? (Roma 1945).</ref>  But, though Peter withdrew from his professorship, John of Vercelli appointed [[Thomas Aquinas#Naples, Orvieto, Rome (1259–1268)|Thomas Aquinas]] to write a defense of the 108 propositions.<ref>''Responsio ad fr. Ioannem Vercellensem de articulis 108 sumptis ex opere Petri de Tarentasia'':   M. Védrine, M. Bandel, M. Fouret (translators), ''Opuscules de Saint Thomas d'Aquin''  Tome deuxième (Paris 1857), pp. 50-91 (bilingual, Latin and French). Eleonore Stump,  ''Aquinas'' (New York: Routledge 2003), xvii.</ref>  Peter's reputation was such that he was immediately elected Provincial of the French Province for a three-year term (1264–1267).  He was granted his release from office at the General Chapter, which was held in Bologna in May, 1267.<ref>Benedictus Maria  Reichert, ''Acta Capitulorum Generalium Ordinis Praedicatorum'' Vol. I (Rome-Stuttgart 1898),   p. 139. Potthast, no. 20022.</ref> At the conclusion of his term, and after Thomas of Aquinas' rejoinder to his critics was circulated, Peter returned to his chair at the University of Paris (1267).  In 1269 he was reelected to the office of Provincial of the French Province, and he held the post until he was named Archbishop of Lyons.<ref>Paolo Vian, "[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/beato-innocenzo-v_%28Enciclopedia-dei-Papi%29/ Innocenzo V], beato."  ''Enciclopedia dei papi'' (2000). (in Italian)</ref>

On 6 June 1272, [[Pope Gregory X]] himself named Peter of Tarantaise to be Archbishop of Lyons, a post he held until he was appointed to be Bishop of Ostia.<ref>Conradus Eubel, ''Hierarchia catholica medii aevi''  Vol. 1 editio altera (Monsterii 1913), p. 316.</ref>  It is said, however, that Peter was never consecrated.<ref>Benedictine Monks of S. Maur (editors), ''Gallia christiana'' 4 (Paris 1728), p. 150, quoting Ptolemy of Lucca:  ''factus fuit archiepiscopus Lugdunensis, et nondum consecratus in ea dignitate, factus est per eundem episcopus Ostiensis''.</ref> He did, however, take the oath of fealty  in early December, 1272,  to King [[Philip III of France]].<ref>P. Clerjon, ''Histoire de Lyon III'' (Lyon 1830), p. 284. The document was signed on the Thursday after the Feast of S. Andrew (which was celebrated on November 30), 1272.</ref> Pope Gregory himself arrived in Lyons in mid-November, 1273, intent upon bringing as many prelates as possible to his planned [[ecumenical council]].<ref>Potthast, p. 1672.</ref>  He met immediately with King Philip III of France.  Their conversations were obviously harmonious, since Philip ceded to the Church the [[Comtat Venaissin]], which he had inherited from his uncle [[Alphonse, Count of Poitiers|Alphonse]], Count of Toulouse.   The Second Council of Lyons opened on 1 May 1274.    The first session was held on Monday, 7 May.  The principal items on the agenda were the Crusade, and the reunion of the Eastern and Western Churches.