Editing Pope Clement XIV (section)

==Election to the papacy==
{{main|1769 papal conclave}}

===Political pressures===
The papal conclave in 1769 was almost completely dominated by the problem of the Society of Jesus. During the previous pontificate, the Jesuits had been expelled from [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] and from all the courts of the [[House of Bourbon]], which included [[Kingdom of France|France]], [[Spain]], [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]] & [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], and [[Duchy of Parma and Piacenza|Parma]]. In January, 1769, these powers made a formal demand for the dissolution of the Society. [[Clement XIII]] had planned a consistory to discuss the matter, but died on 2 February, the night before it was to be held.<ref name=Adams>{{cite web| url = http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/SV1769.html| title = Adams, John Paul. "Sede Vacante 1769", California State University Northridge, 4 June 2015}}</ref>

Now the general [[Suppression of the Jesuits|suppression of the order]] was urged by the faction called the "court cardinals", who were opposed by the diminished pro-Jesuit faction, the ''Zelanti'' ("zealous"), who were generally opposed to the encroaching [[secularism]] of [[the Enlightenment]].<ref name=Wilhelm/> Much of the early activity was ''pro forma'' as the members waited for the arrival of those cardinals who had indicated that they would attend. The conclave had been sitting since 15 February 1769, heavily influenced by the political maneuvers of the ambassadors of Catholic sovereigns who were opposed to the Jesuits.

Some of the pressure was subtle. On 15 March, [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1765–90) visited Rome to join his brother [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold]], the [[Grand Duke of Tuscany]], who had arrived on 6 March. The next day, after touring [[St. Peter's Basilica]], they took advantage of the conclave doors being opened to admit Cardinal Girolamo Spinola to enter as well. They were shown, upon the Emperor's request, the ballots, the [[chalice]] into which they would be placed, and where they would later be burned. That evening Gaetano Duca Cesarini hosted a party. It was the middle of [[Passion Week]].<ref name=Adams/>

The minister of King [[Louis XV of France]] (1715–74), the [[Étienne François, duc de Choiseul|duc de Choiseul]], had extensive experience dealing with the church as the French ambassador to the Holy See and was Europe's most skilled diplomat. "When one has a favour to ask of a Pope", he wrote, "and one is determined to obtain it, one must ask for two".{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Choiseul's suggestion was advanced to the other ambassadors and it was that they should press, in addition to the Jesuit issue, territorial claims upon the [[Patrimony of Saint Peter]], including the return of [[Avignon]] and the [[Comtat Venaissin]] to France, the duchies of [[Benevento]] and [[Pontecorvo]] to Spain, an extension of territory adjoining the [[Papal States]] to Naples, and an immediate and final settlement of the vexed question of Parma and Piacenza that had occasioned a diplomatic rift between [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]] and Pope Clement XIII.

===Election===
[[File:Vincenzo Milione - Portrait of Pope Clement XIV.jpg|thumb|left|Clement XIV, by [[Vincenzo Milione]], {{circa|1773-74}}]]
By 18 May, the court coalition appeared to be unravelling as the respective representatives began to negotiate separately with different cardinals. The French ambassador had earlier suggested that any acceptable candidate be required to put in writing that he would abolish the Jesuits. The idea was largely dismissed as a violation of canon law. Spain still insisted that a firm commitment should be given, though not necessarily in writing. However, such concessions could be immediately nullified by the pope upon election. On 19 May 1769, Cardinal Ganganelli was elected as a compromise candidate largely due to support of the Bourbon courts, which had expected that he would suppress the [[Society of Jesus]]. Ganganelli, who had been educated by Jesuits, gave no commitment, but indicated that he thought the dissolution was possible.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.sj2014.net/blog/19-may-1769-ganganelli-elected-pope-clement-xiv-suppressor-of-the-jesuits| title = "19 May 1769 - Ganganelli elected Pope Clement XIV, suppressor of the Jesuits", Jesuit Restoration 1814, 19 May 2015| access-date = 8 January 2019| archive-date = 8 January 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190108100812/http://www.sj2014.net/blog/19-may-1769-ganganelli-elected-pope-clement-xiv-suppressor-of-the-jesuits| url-status = dead}}</ref> He took the pontifical name of "Clement XIV". Ganganelli first received [[episcopal consecration]] in the Vatican on 28 May 1769 by Cardinal Federico Marcello Lante and was [[Papal coronation|crowned]] as pope on 4 June 1769 by the [[cardinal protodeacon]] [[Alessandro Albani]].
He was replaced as Cardinal-Priest by [[Buenaventura Fernández de Córdoba Spínola]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d1l06.html |access-date=2019-08-09 |title=San Lorenzo in Panisperna |last=Cheney|first=David M. |year=2019 |work=Catholic-Hierarchy}}</ref>

He took possession of the [[Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran]] on 26 November 1769.<ref>{{cite book|author=F. Gligora|title=I papi|page=266}}</ref>