Editing Pope Clement VIII (section)

==Ecclesiastical matters==

=== Clementine Vulgate ===
{{Main|Sixto-Clementine Vulgate}}{{See also|Sixtine Vulgate|Nova Vulgata}}
In November 1592, he published the Clementine Vulgate.<ref name="Metzger">{{Cite book|title=The Early Versions of the New Testament|last=Metzger|first=Bruce M.|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1977|location=Oxford|pages=349|author-link=Bruce M. Metzger}}</ref> It was issued with the Bull ''Cum Sacrorum'' (9 November 1592)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vulsearch.sourceforge.net/html/index.html#constitutio|title=Vulgata Clementina|website=vulsearch.sourceforge.net|access-date=2019-09-17|archive-date=2018-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610012037/http://vulsearch.sourceforge.net/html/index.html#constitutio|url-status=dead}}</ref> which asserted that every subsequent edition must be assimilated to this one, that no word of the text could be changed, and that not even variant readings could be printed in the margin.<ref name="Scrivener65">{{Cite book|title=A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament|last=Scrivener|first=Frederick Henry Ambrose|author2=Edward Miller|publisher=[[George Bell & Sons]]|year=1894|edition=4|volume=2|location=London|page=65|author-link=Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener|title-link=A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament}}</ref> This new official version of the Vulgate, known as the Clementine Vulgate''<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/reformationofbib0000peli|url-access=registration|title=The reformation of the Bible, the Bible of the Reformation|last=Pelikan|first=Jaroslav Jan|date=1996|publisher=Yale University Press|others=Dallas : Bridwell Library; Internet Archive|location=New Haven|pages=[https://archive.org/details/reformationofbib0000peli/page/14 14], 98|chapter=1 : Sacred Philology; Catalog of Exhibition [Item 1.14]|isbn=9780300066678|author-link=Jaroslav Pelikan}}</ref> ''or Sixto-Clementine Vulgate'',<ref name=":8" /><ref name="gerace225">{{Cite journal|last=Gerace|first=Antonio|date=2016|title=Francis Lucas 'of Bruges' and Textual Criticism of the Vulgate before and after the Sixto-Clementine (1592)|url=https://limo.libis.be/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=LIRIAS1883326&context=L&vid=Lirias&search_scope=Lirias&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US&fromSitemap=1|journal=Journal of Early Modern Christianity|volume=3|issue=2|pages=201–237|doi=10.1515/jemc-2016-0008|s2cid=193547960|via=[[KULeuven]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>'' became and remained the official Bible of the [[Catholic Church]] until the ''[[Nova Vulgata]]'' replaced it in 1979.''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXQqCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 |title=The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts|last=Houghton|first=H. A. G.|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198744733|pages=132–133|language=en}}</ref>''

===''De Auxiliis'' controversy===
In 1597, he established the [[Congregatio de Auxiliis]] which was to settle the theological controversy between the [[Dominican Order]] and the [[Jesuits]] concerning the respective role of [[efficacious grace]] and [[free will]]. Although the debate tended toward a condemnation of [[Molinism]]'s insistence on free will to the detriment of efficacious grace, the important influence of the Jesuit Order&nbsp;— among other considerations&nbsp;— which, beside important political and theological power in Europe, had also various missions abroad ([[Jesuit Reductions|Misiones Jesuiticas]] in South America, [[Jesuit China missions|missions in China]], etc.), led the Pope to abstain from an official condemnation of the Jesuits. In 1611 and again in 1625 a decree prohibited any discussion of the matter, although it was often informally skirted by the publication of commentaries on [[Thomas Aquinas]].

===Jubilee of 1600===
During the [[jubilee (Christian)|jubilee]] of 1600, three million pilgrims visited the holy places. The [[Synod of Brest]] was held 1595 in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], by which a great part of the [[Ruthenia]]n clergy and people were reunited to Rome.<ref name=Loughlin/>

===Canonisations and beatifications===
Clement VIII [[canonised]] [[Hyacinth of Poland|Hyacinth]] (17 April 1594), [[Julian of Cuenca]] (18 October 1594), and [[Raymond of Peñafort]] (1601). He beatified 205 individuals, 200 of them being group martyrs; notable individuals he named as Blessed included [[Carlo Borromeo]].

===Consistories===
{{main|Cardinals created by Clement VIII}}
The pope created 53 cardinals in six consistories during his pontificate; he named his two nephews [[Pietro Aldobrandini|Pietro]] and [[Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini|Cinzio Passeri]] as cardinals. Notable cardinals named during his reign included Camillo Borghese (his successor [[Pope Paul V]]) as well as the noted theologians [[Robert Bellarmine]] and [[Caesar Baronius]].