Editing Politics of Mongolia (section)

==Multi-party system==
As a result of the democratic movement that led to [[1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia]], the constitution was amended, removing reference to the MPRP's role as the leading political force in the country, legalising opposition parties and creating a standing legislative body and the office of president in May 1990.

Mongolia's first multi-party elections for the [[State Great Khural|People's Great Khural]] (Upper Chamber of the Parliament) were held on 29 July 1990. The [[Mongolian People's Party|MPRP]] won 85% of the seats. The People's Great Khural first commenced on 3 September and elected a president (MPRP), a vice-president (SDP, Social Democratic Party), a prime minister (MPRP), and 50 members to the Baga Khural (Lower Chamber of the Parliament). The vice president was also the speaker of the Baga Khural. In November 1991, the People's Great Khural began discussion on a new constitution and adopted it on 13 January 1992. The Constitution entered into force on 12 February 1992. In addition to establishing Mongolia as an independent, sovereign republic and guaranteeing a number of rights and freedoms, the new constitution restructured the legislative branch of government, creating a unicameral legislature, the [[State Great Khural]], with 76 members.

The 1992 constitution provided that the president would be directly elected by popular vote rather than by the legislature as before. In June 1993, incumbent [[Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat]] won the first direct presidential election, running as the candidate of the democratic opposition.

[[File:Mongolian parliament members.jpg|right|thumb|300px|[[State Great Khural|Mongolia's Parliament]] in session]]

As the supreme legislative organ, the State Great Khural is empowered to enact and amend laws, regarding domestic and foreign policy, to ratify international agreements, and declare a state of emergency by the constitution. The State Great Khural meets semi-annually. The parliamentary election holds place every four years, but the [[electoral system]] varied in each election. The current electoral system is based on [[Multiple non-transferable vote|plurality-on-large]] with 29 electoral districts. The Speaker of the State Great Khural is elected by the members of the parliament, and one deputy speaker is appointed by each political party or coalition with at least 10 seats in the parliament.