Editing Pluto (mythology) (section)

=== Other identifications ===
In Greek religious practice, Pluto is sometimes seen as the "chthonic Zeus" (''Zeus Chthonios''<ref>Noel Robertson, ''Religion and Reconciliation in Greek Cities: The Sacred Laws of Selinus and Cyrene'' (Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 102, citing passages from the ''Orphic Hymns'', throughout which ''Plouton'' is the ruler of the underworld, and Hades is the name of the place itself.</ref> or ''Zeus Catachthonios''<ref>Hewitt, "The Propitiation of Zeus," p. 74, asserts that "Zeus Catachthonius seems certainly to be Pluto." Other deities to whom the title ''Katachthonios'' was affixed include Demeter, Persephone, and the Furies; Eugene Lane, "The Epithets of [[Men (god)|Men]]," ''Corpus monumentorum religionis dei Menis: Interpretation and Testimonia'' (Brill, 1976), vol. 3, p. 77, citing the entry on ''Katachthonioi'' in Roscher, ''Lexikon'' II, i, col. 998ff.</ref>), or at least as having functions or significance equivalent to those of Zeus but pertaining to the earth or underworld.<ref>Zeus Chthonius and Pluto are seen as having "the same significance" in the ''[[Orphic Hymns]]'' and in the ''Dionysiaca'' of Nonnus (6.156ff.), by Hewitt, "The Propitiation of Zeus," p. 74, note 7. Overlapping functions are also suggested when [[Hesiod]] advises farmers to pray to "Zeus Chthonius and to holy Demeter that they may cause the holy corn of Demeter to teem in full perfection." This form of Zeus receives the black [[Glossary of ancient Roman religion#victima|victims]] typically offered to underworld deities.</ref> In [[Religion in ancient Rome|ancient Roman]] and [[Hellenistic religion]], Pluto was [[interpretatio graeca|identified with]] a number of other deities, including [[Summanus]], the Roman god of nocturnal thunder;<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], ''De Nuptiis'' 2.161.</ref> [[Februus]], the Roman god from whose [[Februa|purification rites]] the [[Roman calendar|month of February]] takes its name and an Etruscans god of the underworld<ref>Capella, ''De nuptiis'' 2.149; [[Isidore of Seville]], ''Etymologies'' 5.33.4; [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius]], note to [[Vergil]]'s ''[[Georgics]]'' 1.43 (Vergil refrains from naming the god); [[John Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' 4.25.</ref> the [[syncretism|syncretic]] god [[Serapis]], regarded as Pluto's [[ancient Egyptian religion|Egyptian equivalent]];<ref>[[Plutarch]], ''De Iside'' [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Moralia/Isis_and_Osiris*/B.html 27] (361e): "In fact, men assert that Pluto is none other than Serapis and that Persephone is [[Isis]], even as [[Archemachus of Euboea]] has said, and also [[Heracleides Ponticus]] who holds the oracle in [[Canopus, Egypt|Canopus]] to be an oracle of Pluto" ([[Loeb Classical Library]] translation of 1936, [[LacusCurtius]] edition). Also spelled Sarapis. See Jaime Alvar, ''Romanising Oriental Gods: Myth, Salvation, and Ethics in the Cults of Cybele, Isis, and Mithras'', translated by Richard Gordon (Brill, 2008), pp. 53 [https://books.google.com/books?id=FH841IBf7mwC&dq=pluto&pg=PA53 online] and 58; Hermann, "Demeter-Isis or the Egyptian Demeter?", p. 84.</ref> and the [[Mot (Semitic god)|Semitic god Muth]] (Μούθ). Muth was described by [[Philo of Byblos]] as the equivalent of both [[Thanatos]] (Death [[personification|personified]]) and Pluto.<ref>[[Eusebius]], ''Praeparatio Evangelica'' [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/pearse/morefathers/files/eusebius_pe_01_book1.htm 1.10.34], attributing this view to the semi-legendary Phoenician author [[Sanchuniathon]] via [[Philo of Byblos]]. In addition to asserting that Muth was equivalent to both [[Thanatos]] (Death [[personification|personified]]) and Pluto, Philo said he was the son of [[Cronus]] and [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]. See entry on "Mot," ''[[Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible]]'', edited by [[Karel van der Toorn]], Bob Becking and [[Pieter Willem van der Horst]] (William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1999, 2nd ed.), p. 598, and ''Religions of the Ancient World: A Guide'', edited by Sarah Iles Johnston (Harvard University Press, 2004), p. 479. Philo's cosmogony as summarized by Eusebius bears some similarities to that of Hesiod and the Orphics; see [[Sanchuniathon#The history of the gods|Sanchuniathon's history of the gods]] and [[#Theogonies and cosmology|"Theogonies and cosmology" below.]] Philo said that these were reinterpretations of "Phoenician" beliefs by the Greeks.</ref> The ancient Greeks did not regard Pluto as "death" per se.<ref>Hansen, ''Classical Mythology'', p. 182.</ref>