Editing Pluto (section)

=== Name and symbol ===
The name ''Pluto'' came from the Roman [[Pluto (mythology)|god of the underworld]]; and it is also an [[epithet]] for [[Hades]] (the Greek equivalent of Pluto).

Upon the announcement of the discovery, Lowell Observatory received over a thousand suggestions for names.<ref name="pluto guide" /> Three names topped the list: [[Minerva]], Pluto and [[Cronus]]. 'Minerva' was the Lowell staff's first choice<ref name=S&G/> but was rejected because it had already been used for [[93 Minerva|an asteroid]]; Cronus was disfavored because it was promoted by an unpopular and egocentric astronomer, [[Thomas Jefferson Jackson See]]. A vote was then taken and 'Pluto' was the unanimous choice. To make sure the name stuck, and that the planet would not suffer changes in its name as Uranus had, Lowell Observatory proposed the name to the [[American Astronomical Society]] and the [[Royal Astronomical Society]]; both approved it unanimously.<ref name=T&M>Clyde Tombaugh & Patrick Moore (2008) ''Out of the Darkness: The Planet Pluto''</ref>{{rp|136}}{{sfn|Croswell|1997|pp=54–55}} The name was published on May 1, 1930.<ref name="Venetia" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Pluto Research at Lowell |url=https://lowell.edu/in-depth/pluto/pluto-research-at-lowell/ |website=Lowell Observatory |access-date=March 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418140312/http://lowell.edu/in-depth/pluto/pluto-research-at-lowell/ |archive-date=April 18, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The name ''Pluto'' had received some 150 nominations among the letters and telegrams sent to Lowell. The first{{efn|A French astronomer had suggested the name ''Pluto'' for Planet X in 1919, but there is no indication that the Lowell staff knew of this.<ref>Ferris (2012: 336) ''Seeing in the Dark''</ref>}} had been from [[Venetia Burney]] (1918–2009), an eleven-year-old schoolgirl in [[Oxford]], England, who was interested in [[classical mythology]].<ref name=T&M/><ref name="Venetia" /> She had suggested it to her grandfather [[Falconer Madan]] when he read the news of Pluto's discovery to his family over breakfast; Madan passed the suggestion to astronomy professor [[Herbert Hall Turner]], who cabled it to colleagues at Lowell on March 16, three days after the announcement.<ref name=S&G>Kevin Schindler & William Grundy (2018) ''Pluto and Lowell Observatory'', pp. 73–79.</ref><ref name="Venetia" />

The name 'Pluto' was mythologically appropriate: the god Pluto was one of six surviving children of [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]], and the others had already all been chosen as names of major or minor planets (his brothers [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]] and [[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]], and his sisters [[Ceres (mythology)|Ceres]], [[Juno (mythology)|Juno]] and [[Vesta (mythology)|Vesta]]). Both the god and the planet inhabited "gloomy" regions, and the god was able to make himself invisible, as the planet had been for so long.<ref>Scott & Powell (2018) ''The Universe as It Really Is''</ref> 
The choice was further helped by the fact that the first two letters of ''Pluto'' were the initials of Percival Lowell; indeed, 'Percival' had been one of the more popular suggestions for a name for the new planet.<ref name=S&G/><ref>Coincidentally, as popular science author [[Martin Gardner]] and others have noted of the name "Pluto", "the last two letters are the first two letters of Tombaugh's name" Martin Gardner, ''Puzzling Questions about the Solar System'' (Dover Publications, 1997) p. 55</ref>
Pluto's [[planetary symbol]] {{angbr|[[File:Pluto monogram (fixed width).svg|20px|♇|link=wikt:♇]]}} was then created as a [[monogram]] of the letters "PL".<ref name="JPL/NASA Pluto's Symbol" /> This symbol is rarely used in astronomy anymore,{{efn|name = PL |For example, {{angbr|♇}} (in [[Unicode]]: {{unichar|2647|PLUTO}}) occurs in a table of the planets identified by their symbols in a 2004 article written before the 2006 IAU definition,<ref>{{cite book |editor=John Lewis |date=2004 |title=Physics and chemistry of the solar system |edition= 2 |page=64 |publisher=Elsevier}}</ref> but not in a graph of planets, dwarf planets and moons from 2016, where only the eight IAU planets are identified by their symbols.<ref>{{cite journal |author1= Jingjing Chen |author2= David Kipping |year=2017 |title= Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds |journal= The Astrophysical Journal |volume= 834 |issue= 17 |page= 8 |publisher= The American Astronomical Society|doi= 10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/17 |arxiv= 1603.08614 |bibcode= 2017ApJ...834...17C |s2cid= 119114880 |doi-access= free }}</ref>
(Planetary symbols in general are uncommon in astronomy, and are discouraged by the IAU.)<ref name="iau_1989">{{cite book|date=1989|language=en|page=27|title=The IAU Style Manual|url=http://www.iau.org/static/publications/stylemanual1989.pdf|access-date=January 29, 2022|archive-date=July 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726170213/http://www.iau.org/static/publications/stylemanual1989.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>}} though it is still common in astrology. However, the most common [[astrological symbol]] for Pluto, occasionally used in astronomy as well, is an orb (possibly representing Pluto's invisibility cap) over Pluto's [[bident]] {{angbr|[[File:Pluto symbol (large orb, fixed width).svg|20px|⯓|link=wikt:⯓]]}}, which dates to the early 1930s.<ref>Dane Rudhyar (1936) ''The Astrology of Personality'', credits it to Paul Clancy Publications, founded in 1933.</ref>{{efn|name = bident|The bident symbol ({{Unichar|2BD3|PLUTO FORM TWO}}) has seen some astronomical use as well since the IAU decision on dwarf planets, for example in a public-education poster on dwarf planets published by the NASA/JPL ''Dawn'' mission in 2015, in which each of the five dwarf planets announced by the IAU receives a symbol.<ref>NASA/JPL, [https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/what-is-a-dwarf-planet What is a Dwarf Planet?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208181916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/what-is-a-dwarf-planet |date=December 8, 2021 }} 2015 Apr 22</ref> There are in addition several other symbols for Pluto found in astrological sources,<ref>Fred Gettings (1981) ''Dictionary of Occult, Hermetic and Alchemical Sigils.'' Routledge & Kegan Paul, London.</ref> including three accepted by Unicode: [[File:Pluto symbol (southern Europe).svg|20px|⯔]], {{unichar|2BD4|PLUTO FORM THREE}}, used principally in southern Europe; [[File:Pluto symbol (northern Europe).svg|20px|⯖]]/[[File:Pluto symbol (northern Europe, variant).svg|20px|⯖]], {{unichar|2BD6|PLUTO FORM FIVE}} (found in various orientations, showing Pluto's orbit cutting across that of Neptune), used principally in northern Europe; and [[File:Charon symbol (fixed width).svg|20px|⯕]], {{unichar|2BD5|PLUTO FORM FOUR}}, used in [[Uranian astrology]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Faulks |first1=David |title=Astrological Plutos |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16067r-astrological-plutos.pdf |website=www.unicode.org |publisher=Unicode |access-date=October 1, 2021 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010819/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16067r-astrological-plutos.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

The name 'Pluto' was soon embraced by wider culture. In 1930, [[Walt Disney]] was apparently inspired by it when he introduced for [[Mickey Mouse]] a canine companion named [[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]], although [[Disney]] animator [[Ben Sharpsteen]] could not confirm why the name was given.<ref name="Heinrichs2006" /> In 1941, [[Glenn T. Seaborg]] named the newly created [[Chemical element|element]] [[plutonium]] after Pluto, in keeping with the tradition of naming elements after newly discovered planets, following [[uranium]], which was named after Uranus, and [[neptunium]], which was named after Neptune.<ref name="ClarkHobart2000" />

Most languages use the name "Pluto" in various transliterations.{{efn|The equivalence is less close in languages whose [[phonology]] differs widely from [[Ancient Greek phonology|Greek's]], such as [[Somali language|Somali]] ''Buluuto'' and [[Navajo language|Navajo]] ''Tłóotoo''.}} In Japanese, [[Houei Nojiri]] suggested the [[calque]] {{nihongo3|"Star of the King (God) of the Underworld"|冥王星|Meiōsei}}, and this was borrowed into Chinese and Korean. Some [[languages of India]] use the name Pluto, but others, such as [[Hindi]], use the name of ''[[Yama]]'', the God of Death in Hinduism.<ref name="nineplan" /> [[Polynesian languages]] also tend to use the indigenous god of the underworld, as in [[Māori language|Māori]] ''[[Whiro]]''.<ref name="nineplan" />
Vietnamese might be expected to follow Chinese, but does not because the [[Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary|Sino-Vietnamese]] word 冥 ''minh'' "dark" is homophonous with 明 ''minh'' "bright". Vietnamese instead uses Yama, which is also a Buddhist deity, in the form of ''Sao Diêm Vương'' 星閻王 "Yama's Star", derived from Chinese 閻王 ''[[Yama (Buddhism)|Yán Wáng / Yìhm Wòhng]]'' "King Yama".<ref name="nineplan" /><ref name="RenshawIhara2000" /><ref name="Bathrobe" />