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===Parenchyma=== [[Ground tissue#Parenchyma|Parenchyma cells]] are living cells that have functions ranging from storage and support to [[photosynthesis]] ([[mesophyll]] cells) and phloem loading ([[transfer cells]]). Apart from the xylem and phloem in their vascular bundles, leaves are composed mainly of parenchyma cells. Some parenchyma cells, as in the epidermis, are specialized for light penetration and focusing or regulation of [[gas exchange]], but others are among the least specialized cells in plant tissue, and may remain [[totipotent]], capable of dividing to produce new populations of undifferentiated cells, throughout their lives.<ref name=Haberlandt>{{cite journal |first=Haberlandt |last=G. |date=1902 |title=Kulturversuche mit isolierten Pflanzenzellen |journal=Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche |publisher=Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien Sitzungsberichte |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=69β92 }}</ref> Parenchyma cells have thin, permeable primary walls enabling the transport of small molecules between them, and their cytoplasm is responsible for a wide range of biochemical functions such as [[nectar]] [[secretion]], or the manufacture of [[secondary metabolite|secondary products]] that discourage [[herbivory]]. Parenchyma cells that contain many chloroplasts and are concerned primarily with photosynthesis are called [[chlorenchyma]] cells. Chlorenchyma cells are parenchyma cells involved in photosynthesis. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Mauseth|first=James D.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1122454203|title=Botany : An Introduction to Plant Biology|date=2021|isbn=978-1-284-15737-6|edition=Second|location=Burlington, MA|language=English|oclc=1122454203}}</ref> Others, such as the majority of the parenchyma cells in [[potato]] [[tubers]] and the [[seed]] [[cotyledons]] of [[legumes]], have a storage function.
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