Editing Pine (email client) (section)

==Licensing and clones==
Up to version 3.91, the Pine license was similar to [[BSD licenses|BSD]], and it stated that

:''Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee to the University of Washington is hereby granted …''

The university registered a [[trademark]] for the Pine name with respect to "computer programs used in communication and electronic mail applications" in March 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=74336887&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch|title=SN 74336887|website=Trademark Status & Document Retrieval}}</ref>

From version 3.92, the holder of the copyright, the University of Washington, changed the license so that even if the source code was still available, they did ''not'' allow modifications and changes to Pine  to be distributed by anyone other than themselves. They also claimed that even the old license never allowed distribution of modified versions.<ref>{{Cite mailing list|url=https://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2002/11/msg00138.html|first=Branden|last=Robinson|title=Re: DFSG vs Pine's legal notices: where exactly is the gotcha?|mailing-list=debian-legal|date=2002-11-12|access-date=2009-08-06}}</ref>

The trademark for the Pine name was part of their position in this matter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://linuxmafia.com/~rick/faq/warez.html#pine|title=What's wrong with Pine|website=Rick's Rants|first=Rick|last=Moen|access-date=2016-10-13}}</ref>

In reaction, some developers [[Fork (software development)|forked]] version 3.91 under the name MANA (for ''Mail And News Agent'') to avoid the trademark issue and the [[GNU Project]] adopted it as GNU Mana.  [[Richard Stallman]] claims that the University of Washington threatened<ref>{{Cite mailing list|url=https://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2000/09/msg00014.html|title=Re: Free Pine?|mailing-list=debian-legal|first=Richard|last=Stallman|date=2000-09-02|access-date=2006-12-14}}</ref> to sue the Free Software Foundation for distributing the modified Pine program, resulting in the development of MANA ceasing and no versions being released.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.tripod.com/pooka_regent/ethics.html|title=The Golden Rule as Applied to Intellectual Property|access-date=2006-07-17|date=2002-12-12|first=David|last=Ramsey}}</ref>

The Pico clone [[GNU nano]] was also written due to the change in licensing terms of Pine and Pico, as explained by nano's author in a blog post criticizing the license in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asty.org/archives/123|title=When Non-Free is "Free Enough"|website=asty.org|first=Chris|last=Allegretta|date=2001|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-18}}</ref>

The University of Washington later modified their license somewhat to allow unmodified distribution of Pine alongside collections of [[free software]], but the license still does not conform to the Open Source and the Free Software Guidelines so it is [[source-available software]].