Editing Pinckneyville, Illinois (section)

== History ==
Perry County was formed on January 29, 1827. It was named for Commodore Oliver H. Perry. When Perry County was established, 80 acres were taken from nearby Jackson and Randolph counties; 20 acres were reserved for the county seat. On May 17, 1857, Pinckneyville (named after [[Charles Cotesworth Pinckney]]) was organized and named as the county seat. Before being organized, Pinckneyville consisted as of 1834 of a log courthouse, four stores, a tavern, and a grocery (the first store was opened in 1827); around 20 families lived in the town. 1834 was also the same year that the Perry County jail was constructed; a larger jail, which is now the home of the Perry County jail museum, was built in 1871.<ref name="ci.pinckneyville.il.us">{{Cite web|title = History {{!}} Welcome to Pinckneyville, Illinois "The Friendly Little City"|url = http://www.ci.pinckneyville.il.us/history|website = www.ci.pinckneyville.il.us|access-date = 2015-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817001856/http://ci.pinckneyville.il.us/history|archive-date=August 17, 2017}}</ref>

During the American Civil War (1861–1865), southern Illinois was under martial law. In the years after Reconstruction, many laws were established to ensure the second-class status of African Americans. Many actions, however, were ''[[de facto]]'' laws. From 1890 to 1968, many [[sundown town]]s were established throughout the United States, including several in southern Illinois. Pinckneyville, on the other hand, was one amongst thousands of towns that, while established earlier, became a sundown town. Pinckneyville became sundown around 1928; the extant story in Pinckneyville is that a white woman was raped by a black man, so the white leadership of the town loaded the black population of the town on a bus, drove them out of town, and left them in East St. Louis; a black man, probably the alleged rapist, was lynched at the town square. However, the rape explanation is considered to be unreliable because of the vagueness of the story and because it conflicts with accounts offered by others who lived in Pinckneyville at the time. The town continued to be a sundown town; the town had a "hanging tree", though African Americans were hanged in at least three separate places; under the city limits sign, there was a sign saying "No Coloreds After Dark" that came down in the late 1960s or early 1970s. In the town cemetery's black section, there are only two grave markers, yet it is estimated that there are approximately twenty graves.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

As of the [[2000 United States census]], 1,331 of the 5,464 residents were black, however this population total includes the inmates of [[Pinckneyville Correctional Center]], who are mostly African-American.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism|last = Loewen|first = James|publisher = Simon and Schuster|year = 2005|isbn = 978-0-7432-9448-5}}</ref>

Today, Pinckneyville is home to the Illinois Rural Heritage museum. In 2010, it was awarded the Governor's Hometown Award.<ref name="ci.pinckneyville.il.us"/>