Editing Pinales (section)

=== Controversies ===

[[Gymnosperm]] (Acrogymnospermae) [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] has been considered controversial, and lacks consensus.{{sfn|Farjon|2001}}{{sfn|Eckenwalder|2008}}{{sfn|Nagalingum|Burleigh|2018}} As [[taxonomic classification]] transformed from being based solely on [[plant morphology]] to [[molecular phylogenetics]], the number of taxonomic publications increased considerably after 2008,{{sfn|Eckenwalder|2009}}{{sfn|Farjon|2010}}{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2011}}{{sfn|Debreczy|Rácz|2011}}{{sfn|Farjon|Filer|2013}} however, these approaches have not been uniform. A taxonomic classification has been complicated by the relationship of [[Extant taxon|extant]] to extinct [[taxa]], and within extinct taxa, and particularly the placement of [[Gnetophyta]]. The latter have been variously classified as [[basal group|basal]] to all gymnosperms, [[sister group]] to conifers (‘gnetifer’ hypothesis) or sister to Pinaceae (‘gnepine’ hypothesis) in which they are classified within the conifers.{{sfn|Farjon|2018}} The extant conifers most likely form a [[monophyletic]] group.{{sfn|Gernandt et al|2011}}{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2011}} In 2018, the Gymnosperm Phylogeny Group was established, analogous to the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] and [[Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group]], with the intention of reaching a consensus.{{sfn|Nagalingum|Burleigh|2018}}