Editing Pietism (section)

=== Germany ===
[[File:Fünfbrüderbild.jpg|thumb|The "Five Brothers of Württemberg Pietism": Johannes Schnaitmann (1767–1847), Anton Egeler (1770–1850), Johann Martin Schäffer (1763–1851), Immanuel Gottlieb Kolb (1784–1859) and [[Johann Michael Hahn]]&nbsp;(1758–1819)]]

Pietism did not die out in the 18th century, but was alive and active in the American {{Lang|de|Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchenverein des Westens}} (German Evangelical Church Society of the West, based in [[Gravois Township, St. Louis County, Missouri|Gravois, Missouri]], later [[German Evangelical Synod of North America]] and still later the [[Evangelical and Reformed Church]], a precursor of the [[United Church of Christ]].) The church president from 1901 to 1914 was a pietist named Jakob Pister.<ref>A discussion of some of the earlier pietist influence in the Evangelical and Reformed church can be found in Dunn et al., "A History of the Evangelical and Reformed Church" Christian Education Press, Philadelphia, 1962. Further commentary can be found by Carl Viehe under Pietism, Illinois Trails, Washington County.</ref> Some vestiges of Pietism were still present in 1957 at the time of the formation of the United Church of Christ. In the 21st century Pietism is still alive in groups inside the [[Evangelical Church in Germany]]. These groups are called {{Lang|de|Landeskirchliche Gemeinschaften}} and emerged in the second half of the 19th century in the so-called {{Lang|de|Gemeinschaftsbewegung}}.

The 19th century saw a revival of confessional Lutheran doctrine, known as the [[Neo-Lutheranism|neo-Lutheran movement]]. This movement focused on a reassertion of the identity of Lutherans as a distinct group within the broader community of [[Christianity|Christians]], with a renewed focus on the [[Book of Concord|Lutheran Confessions]] as a key source of Lutheran doctrine. Associated with these changes was a renewed focus on traditional doctrine and liturgy, which paralleled the growth of [[Anglo-Catholicism]] in England.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Scherer, James A. |title=The Triumph of Confessionalism in Nineteenth-Century German Lutheran Missions |journal=Missio Apostolica |year=1993 |volume=2 |pages=71–78 |url=http://www.lsfmissiology.org/Essays/SchererTriumphofConfessionalism.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112180934/http://www.lsfmissiology.org/Essays/SchererTriumphofConfessionalism.pdf |archive-date=January 12, 2006 }} This is an extract from Scherer's 1968 Ph.D. thesis, "Mission and Unity in Lutheranism". Scherer was Professor of World Mission and Church History at the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago until his retirement.</ref>