Editing Pietas (section)

==As goddess==
[[File:Forum Holitorium - Lancianu 1893-1901.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Temple of Piety with those of [[Spes (goddess)|Hope]] and [[Juno Sospita]] at the [[Forum Olitorium]], drawn by [[Rodolfo Lanciani|Lanciani]]]]
[[File:SoutherCircusFlaminiusInRomeByGismondi.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The area of the Forum Olitorium and [[Theater of Marcellus]] in the scale model of [[ancient Rome]] at the [[Museum of Roman Civilization]]]]
{{lang|la|Pietas}} was the divine presence in everyday life that cautioned humans not to intrude on the realm of the gods.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Cicero]]|title=[[De Legibus]]|at=2.22}}</ref>{{r|Belayche|page=286}} Violations of {{lang|la|pietas}} required a {{lang|la|[[piaculum]]}}, expiatory rites.{{r|Belayche|page=286}}

The [[Temple of Piety]] at Rome was [[votum|solemnly vowed]] by the [[plebeian]] [[Roman consul|consul]] and [[novus homo|new man]] [[Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 191 BC)|Manius Acilius Glabrio]] at the [[Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)|Battle of Thermopylae in {{BCE|191}}]], where he defeated the [[Seleucid emperors|emperor]] [[Antiochus III the Great|Antiochus the Great]] during the [[Roman–Seleucid War]].<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Livy]]|chapter=Perseus and Demetrius|chapter-url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_40|url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City|title=From the Founding of the City|at=[https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_40#34 40.34.4]}}</ref>{{r|Fears2|pages=741–742}}{{r|Fears|page=845}} Completed by his son, it was erected at the northwest end of the Roman vegetable market ({{lang|la|[[Forum Olitorium]]}}) near the [[Carmental Gate]]. It included a [[gold]] statue of the father, the first such statue of a [[Roman citizen]] in the city.

According to a miraculous legend ({{lang|la|[[Glossary of ancient Roman religion#miraculum|miraculum]]}}),<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite book|author=[[Pliny the Elder]]|title=Natural History|at=[http://attalus.org/translate/pliny_hn7b.html#121 7.121]}}
|2={{cite book|author=[[Valerius Maximus]]|title=Memorable Deeds and Sayings|chapter=Of Piety toward Parents|chapter-url=https://www.attalus.org/translate/valerius5b.html#c4|at=[http://www.attalus.org/translate/valerius5b.html#4.7 5.4.7]}} As cited by {{cite book|author-link=J. Rufus Fears|last=Fears|first=J. Rufus|chapter=The Theology of Victory at Rome: Approaches and Problem|title=Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung|volume=II|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=Berlin|url=https://archive.org/details/aufstiegundniede0002unse_d3s7_PT2-BD10.2|url-access=registration|editor-first1=Hildegard|editor-last1=Temporini|editor-first2=Wolfgang|editor-last2=Haase|year=1982|page=742, note 10|isbn=9783110095197 }} }}</ref> a poor woman who was starving in prison was saved when her daughter gave her breast milk (compare [[Roman Charity]]). Caught in the act, the daughter was not punished, but recognized for her {{lang|la|pietas}}. Mother and daughter were set free, and given public support for the rest of their lives. The site was regarded as sacred to the goddess {{lang|la|Pietas}} ({{lang|la|consecratus deae}}) because she had chosen to manifest her presence there.{{r|Fears2|page=742}}{{r|Fears|page=880}} The story exemplified {{lang|la|pietas erga parentes}}, the proper devotion one ought to show to one's parents.{{r|Fears|page=880}}

===Imperial women portrayed as {{lang|la|Pietas}}===
{{lang|la|Pietas}} was often depicted as goddess on the reverse of Roman Imperial coins, with women of the imperial family on the obverse,<ref>{{cite web|title=Roman Coins Issued During the Reign of Emperor Hadrian|url=http://www.dig4coins.com/articles/ancient-coins/roman-coins-issued-during-the-reign-of-emperor-hadrian-ad-117-to-138|url-status=dead|website=Dig4Coins.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026084719/http://www.dig4coins.com/articles/ancient-coins/roman-coins-issued-during-the-reign-of-emperor-hadrian-ad-117-to-138|archive-date=2010-10-26}}</ref> as an appropriate virtue to be attributed to them. Women of the Imperial family might be portrayed in art in the goddess's guise.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="100px">
Image:Dupondius-Livia-RIC 0043v.jpg|[[Livia]] as Pietas
Image:Matidia - denarius - RIC 0759.jpg|[[Salonia Matidia]]
</gallery>