Editing Phoebe Hearst (section)

== Philanthropy==
In the 1880s, she became a major benefactor and director of the Golden Gate Kindergarten Association<ref>{{Citation | editor = Edward T. James | title = Notable American Women 1607–1950 | publisher = Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | year = 1971 | page = 171 | volume = II }}</ref> and the first president of the Century Club of California.<ref>{{citation | author = Century Club of California | title = Historical Sketch | publisher = Century Club of California | year = 1893 }}</ref> In 1902, Hearst funded the construction of a building to provide teacher training and to house kindergarten classes and the association's offices.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-15 |title=Phoebe Apperson Hearst - Hearst Castle |url=https://hearstcastle.org/history-behind-hearst-castle/historic-people/profiles/phoebe-apperson-hearst/ |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=hearstcastle.org |language=en-US}}</ref>  The association had 26 schools at the time of the [[San Francisco earthquake]] in 1906.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Development « Phoebe Hearst Preschool|url = http://www.phoebehearstpreschool.org/history/development/|website = www.phoebehearstpreschool.org|access-date = 2015-12-03}}</ref>
Hearst was a major benefactor of the [[University of California, Berkeley]], and its first woman [[Regents of the University of California|regent]], serving on the board from 1897 until her death.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-15 |title=Phoebe Apperson Hearst - Hearst Castle |url=https://hearstcastle.org/history-behind-hearst-castle/historic-people/profiles/phoebe-apperson-hearst/ |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=hearstcastle.org |language=en-US}}</ref> That year, she contributed to the establishment of the National Congress of Mothers, which evolved eventually into the [[Parent-Teacher Association|National Parent-Teacher Association]]. In 1900, she co-founded the all-girls [[National Cathedral School]] in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]].  A nearby  public elementary school bears her name.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hearst Elementary School |url=http://www.hearstes.org/ |access-date=February 2, 2016}}</ref> Hearst funded the Hearst Library in [[Anaconda, Montana]], in 1898. She maintained it until 1904.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Library's History |url=http://www.hearstfreelibrary.org/history.php |website=Hearst Free Library |access-date=January 29, 2016 |archive-date=January 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131120941/http://www.hearstfreelibrary.org/history.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Hearst became a close friend of Dr. [[William Pepper]], provost of the [[University of Pennsylvania]], who was also a medical doctor who treated her for a heart condition.  In 1896, in her first major act of museum philanthropy, she donated more than two hundred objects to the [[University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|Penn Museum]], many of them items such as Anasazi ceramics excavated from the Cliff Palace site of [[Mesa Verde National Park|Mesa Verde]], Colorado.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jacknis|first=Ira|title="Patrons, Potters, and Painters: Phoebe Hearst's Collections from the American Southwest," in Collecting Native America, 1870-1960, ed. Shepard Krech III and Barbara A. Hail|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|year=1999|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=144, 158, 161–62, 164 footnote 13}}</ref>[https://www.penn.museum/collections/list.php?id=9279]  Later, she also funded a Penn Museum expedition to Russia, and sent the Aztec specialist, [[Zelia Nuttall]], to Moscow for this purpose.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pezzati|first=Alex|date=2000|title=A Crowning Achievement: Zelia Nuttall in Czarist Russia|journal=Expedition|volume=42|issue=2 |pages=7–8}}</ref>

In 1901, Phoebe Hearst founded the University of California Museum of Anthropology, later called the Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology and renamed the [[Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology]] in 1992. The original collection comprised 230,000 objects representing cultures and civilizations throughout history.

The museum now contains about 3.8 million objects. Throughout her lifetime and as provided in her will, Hearst donated over 60,000 objects to the museum. She also funded expeditions such as the [[Pepper–Hearst expedition]] (1895–1897) on the coast of [[Florida]], near [[Tarpon Springs]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Cushing|first=F. H.|title=Preliminary Report on the Exploration of Ancient Key-dweller Remains on the Gulf Coast of Florida|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9P0SAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA2|edition=Public domain|year=1896|publisher=MacCalla |pages=446–447}}</ref> Most notable are the 1899 [[Hearst Expedition|expeditions in Egypt]] by American archaeologist [[George A. Reisner]] and in [[Peru]] by German archaeologist [[Max Uhle]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Ancient Egyptian Medicine|first=John F.|last=Nunn|page=35|year=2002|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press}}</ref> These ventures further contributed to the museum's collection. Among these are approximately 20,000 ancient Egyptian artifacts, the largest such collection west of Chicago. Hearst also realized the importance of preserving Native Californian culture. With her support, anthropologist [[Alfred L. Kroeber]] and his students, including [[Robert F. Heizer]], documented Native Californian culture in the form of photographs, audio recordings, texts, and artifacts. This research helped to preserve approximately 250,000 Native Californian artifacts, the most extensive in the world. The museum collection is available to students and researchers for examination. A gallery located on the University of California Berkeley campus is available for public view.

Hearst was named to the [[Mount Vernon Ladies' Association]] as the second vice-regent representing California. She held that position from 1889 to 1918, contributing much time and money to the restoration of [[George Washington]]'s home at [[Mount Vernon]], furnishing it with Washington-owned objects and improving the visitor experience. The William Randolph Hearst Foundation continues to fund projects at Mount Vernon in her memory.<ref>{{cite book |last = Bonfils |first = Winifred Black |year = 1991 |title = The Life and Personality of Phoebe Apperson Hearst |edition = Reproduced from the original edition of 1928 |publisher = Friends of Hearst Castle |place = San Simeon, California |isbn = 0-945092-22-9 | pages = 81–83}}</ref>

Hearst also donated money to the restoration of [[Pohick Church]] in Virginia,<ref>{{cite book|title=The Christian Advocate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1LQ6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA218|year=1916|publisher=T. Carlton & J. Porter|pages=218–}}</ref> and donated a [[pipe organ]] to [[St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (San Luis Obispo, California)|St. Stephen's Church]] in California, where she was also a parishioner.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krieger |first1=Dan |title=Spanish Flu Left Tragic Mark on County History |url=https://southcountyhistory.org/Newsletters/June2020.pdf |access-date=13 September 2024 |agency=The San Luis Obispo Tribune |publisher=South County Historical Society |date=25 January 1986}}</ref>

Hearst chose a "different way" than radical feminists.<ref>{{cite book |last = Nickliss |first = Alexandra M. |year = 2018 |title = Phoebe Apperson Hearst: A Life of Power and Politics |publisher = University of Nebraska Press |place = Lincoln |pages = 367}}</ref> While she believed in women having financial freedom, in her support for women's suffrage she did not strongly believe in women gaining political power. She thought women should have the right to vote "to protect homes and children."<ref>{{cite book |last = Nickliss |first = Alexandra M. |year = 2018 |title = Phoebe Apperson Hearst: A Life of Power and Politics |publisher = University of Nebraska Press |place = Lincoln |pages = 370}}</ref> In 1895, when the Women's Congress resolved for the passage of a federal amendment, Hearst supported it "distantly".<ref>{{cite book |last = Nickliss |first = Alexandra M. |year = 2018 |title = Phoebe Apperson Hearst: A Life of Power and Politics |publisher = University of Nebraska Press |place = Lincoln |pages = 371}}</ref> She officially declared herself in favor of suffrage in the summer of 1911, saying it would enable "the betterment of conditions affecting children and women particularly."<ref>{{cite book |last = Nickliss |first = Alexandra M. |year = 2018 |title = Phoebe Apperson Hearst: A Life of Power and Politics |publisher = University of Nebraska Press |place = Lincoln |pages = 383}}</ref>