Editing Philosophy of perception (section)

==Spatial representation==
An aspect of perception that is common to both realists and anti-realists is the idea of mental or [[Visual space|perceptual space]]. [[David Hume]] concluded that things appear extended because they have attributes of colour and solidity. A popular modern philosophical view is that the brain cannot contain images so our sense of space must be due to the actual space occupied by physical things. However, as René Descartes noticed, perceptual space has a projective geometry, things within it appear as if they are viewed from a point. The phenomenon of [[Perspective (visual)|perspective]] was closely studied by artists and architects in the Renaissance, who relied mainly on the 11th century polymath, [[Alhazen]] (Ibn al-Haytham), who affirmed the visibility of perceptual space in geometric structuring projections.<ref>{{cite journal|title=La perception de la profondeur: Alhazen, Berkeley et Merleau-Ponty|author=Nader El-Bizri|journal=Oriens-Occidens, CNRS|volume=5|year=2004|publisher=[[Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique]]|pages=171–184|author-link=Nader El-Bizri}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=In Defence of the Sovereignty of Philosophy: al-Baghdadi's Critique of Ibn al-Haytham's Geometrisation of Place|author=Nader El-Bizri|journal=[[Arabic Sciences and Philosophy]]|volume=17|year=2007|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|pages=57–80|doi=10.1017/s0957423907000367|s2cid=170960993 }}</ref> Mathematicians now know of many types of projective geometry such as complex [[Minkowski space]] that might describe the layout of things in perception (see Peters (2000)) and it has also emerged that parts of the brain contain patterns of electrical activity that correspond closely to the layout of the retinal image (this is known as [[retinotopy]]). How or whether these become conscious experience is still unknown (see McGinn (1995)).