Editing Philips (section)

===Stirling engine===
Philips was instrumental in the revival of the [[Stirling engine]] when, in the early 1930s, company management decided that offering a low-power portable generator would assist in expanding sales of its radios into parts of the world where electricity was unavailable or where there was an unreliable supply of batteries. Engineers at the company's research lab carried out a systematic comparison of various power sources and determined that the almost forgotten Stirling engine would be most suitable, citing its quiet operation (both audibly and in terms of radio interference) and ability to run on a variety of heat sources (common lamp oil&nbsp;– "cheap and available everywhere"&nbsp;– was favored).<ref>C.M. Hargreaves (1991). ''The Philips Stirling Engine''. [[Elsevier Science]]. {{ISBN|0-444-88463-7}}. pp.28–30.</ref> They were also aware that, unlike steam and internal combustion engines, virtually no serious development work had been carried out on the Stirling engine for many years. Philips asserted that modern materials and know-how would enable great improvements.<ref>''Philips Technical Review'' Vol.9 No.4, page 97 (1947)</ref>

Encouraged by their first experimental engine, which produced 16&nbsp;W of shaft power from a bore and stroke of {{nowrap|30 mm × 25 mm}},<ref>C.M. Hargreaves (1991), Fig. 3</ref> various development models were produced in a program which continued throughout [[World War II]]. By the late 1940s, the "Type 10" was ready to be handed over to Philips' subsidiary Johan de Witt in Dordrecht to be produced and incorporated into a generator set as originally planned. The result, rated at 180/200&nbsp;W electrical output from a bore and stroke of {{nowrap|55 mm × 27 mm}}, was designated MP1002CA (known as the "Bungalow set"). Production of an initial batch of 250 began in 1951, but it became clear that they could not be made at a competitive price, besides the advent of transistor radios with their much lower power requirements meant that the original rationale for the set was disappearing. Approximately 150 of these sets were eventually produced.<ref>C.M. Hargreaves (1991), p.61</ref>

In parallel with the generator set, Philips developed experimental Stirling engines for a wide variety of applications and continued to work in the field until the late 1970s, though the only commercial success was the "reversed Stirling engine" [[Applications of the Stirling engine#Stirling cryocoolers|cryocooler]]. The company filed a large number of patents and amassed a wealth of information, which they later licensed to other companies.<ref>C.M. Hargreaves (1991), p.77</ref>