Editing Pheromone (section)

===Aggregation===
[[Image:Bug aggregation.jpg|right|thumb|Aggregation of bug nymphs]]
[[File:Podura aquatica Podkomorské lesy.jpg|thumb|Aggregation of the water [[springtail]] ''[[Podura aquatica]]'']]
Aggregation pheromones function in [[mate choice]], overcoming host resistance by mass attack, and defense against predators. A group of individuals at one location is referred to as an aggregation, whether consisting of one sex or both sexes. Male-produced sex attractants have been called aggregation pheromones, because they usually result in the arrival of both sexes at a calling site and increase the density of conspecifics surrounding the pheromone source. Most sex pheromones are produced by the females; only a small percentage of sex attractants are produced by males.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msu.edu/user/miller20/carmona.htm|title=Insect aggregation pheromones|website=www.msu.edu|access-date=19 February 2018}}</ref> Aggregation pheromones have been found in members of the [[Coleoptera]], [[Springtail|Collembola]],<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Salmon S, Rebuffat S, Prado S, Sablier M, d'Haese C, Sun JS, Ponge JF |date=2019-05-20 |title=Chemical communication in springtails: a review of facts and perspectives |journal=Biology and Fertility of Soils |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=425–438 |doi=10.1007/s00374-019-01365-8 |bibcode=2019BioFS..55..425S |s2cid=159042283 |issn=0178-2762|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02152310/file/Chemical%20communication%20in%20springtails%20final%20version.pdf }}</ref> [[Diptera]], [[Hemiptera]], [[Dictyoptera]], and [[Orthoptera]]. In recent decades, aggregation pheromones have proven useful in the management of many pests, such as the boll weevil (''[[Anthonomus grandis]]''), the pea and bean weevil (''[[Sitona lineatus]]'', and stored product weevils (e.g. ''[[Sitophilus zeamais]]'', ''[[Sitophilus granarius]]'', and ''[[Sitophilus oryzae]]''). Aggregation pheromones are among the most ecologically selective pest suppression methods. They are non-toxic and effective at very low concentrations.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Landolt JP |title=Sex attractant and aggregation pheromones of male phytophagous insects |journal=American Entomologist |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=12–22 |year=1997 |doi= 10.1093/ae/43.1.12|doi-access=free }}</ref>