Editing Peugeot (section)

===Early motor vehicles===
Armand Peugeot became interested in the automobile early on and, after meeting with [[Gottlieb Daimler]] and others were convinced of its viability. The first Peugeot automobile, a three-wheeled, [[steam car|steam-powered car]] designed by [[Léon Serpollet]], was produced in 1889; only four examples were made.<ref name="autogenerated1">Georgano, p22.</ref> [[Steam power]] was heavy and bulky and required lengthy warmup times. In 1890, after meeting Daimler and [[Émile Levassor]], steam was abandoned in favour of a four-wheeled car with a petrol-fuelled [[internal combustion engine]] built by [[Panhard]] under Daimler licence.<!-- four were built at Peugeot's plant in [[Valentigney]], sez Georgano; Darke, p.1685-6, says this was Robert Peugeot's new Lion-Peugeot plant, built-in 1906.--> The car was more sophisticated than many of its contemporaries, with a three-point suspension and a sliding-gear transmission.<ref name="Darke, p.1683.">Darke, p.1683.</ref> An example was sold to the young [[Alberto Santos-Dumont]], who exported it to Brazil.<ref>Wykeham, P. ''Santos-Dumont: a Study in Obsession''. London: Putnam. 1962. pp.30-1</ref>

More cars followed, 29 being built in 1892, 40 in 1894, 72 in 1895, 156 in 1898, and 300 in 1899.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> These early models were given "type" numbers. Peugeot became the first manufacturer to fit rubber [[tire|tyres]] (solid, rather than [[pneumatic tire|pneumatic]]) to a petrol-powered car.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} Due to family discord, Armand Peugeot founded the Société des Automobiles Peugeot, in 1896, but in 1910 it was merged back with the family's Peugeot bicycle and motorcycle business.<ref name="Watkins 2024 e339">{{cite web | last=Watkins | first=Gary | title=Peugeot unveils tweaked 2024 WEC line-up | website=Motorsport.com | date=19 Jan 2024 | url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/peugeot-unveils-tweaked-2024-wec-line-up/10567338/ | access-date=20 Jan 2024}}</ref>

Peugeot was an early pioneer in motor racing, with [[Albert Lemaître]] winning the world's first motor race, the [[Paris–Rouen (motor race)|Paris–Rouen]], in a 3&nbsp;hp Peugeot. Five Peugeots qualified for the main event, and all finished. Lemaître finished 3 min 30 sec behind the Comte [[Jules-Albert de Dion|de Dion]] whose steam-powered car was ineligible for the official competition.<ref name="autogenerated2">Georgano, p.22.</ref> Three Peugeots were entered in the [[Paris–Bordeaux–Paris]], where they were beaten by Panhard's car<ref>Darke, p.1684. The Panhards were disqualified for being two-seaters. Georgano, p.22.</ref> (despite an average speed of {{Convert|20.8|km/h|mph|1|abbr=on}}<ref name="autogenerated4">Georgano, p.20.</ref> and taking the 31,500 franc prize).<ref name="autogenerated4"/> This also marked the debut of [[Michelin]] pneumatic tyres in racing,<ref name="Darke, p.1684.">Darke, p.1684.</ref> also on a Peugeot; they proved insufficiently durable.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> Nevertheless, the vehicles were still very much [[horseless carriage]]s in appearance and were steered by a [[tiller]].

In 1896, the first Peugeot engines were built; no longer were they reliant on Daimler. Designed by Rigoulot, the first engine was an {{Convert|8|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} horizontal twin fitted to the back of the [[Peugeot Type 15|Type 15]].<ref name="Darke, p.1684."/> It also served as the basis of a nearly exact copy produced by [[Rochet-Schneider]].<ref name="Darke, p.1684."/> Further improvements followed: the engine moved to the front on the Type 48 and was soon under a [[hood (vehicle)|bonnet]] at the front of the car, instead of hidden underneath; the steering wheel was adopted on the [[Peugeot Type 36|Type 36]], and they began to look more like the modern car.

Also in 1896, Armand Peugeot broke away from Les Fils de Peugeot Frères to form his own company, Société Anonyme des Automobiles Peugeot, building a new factory at [[Audincourt]] to focus entirely on cars.<ref name="Darke, p.1684."/> In 1899, sales hit 300; total car sales for all of France that year were 1,200.<ref name="Darke, p.1684."/> The same year, Lemaître won the Nice-Castellane-Nice Rally in a special {{Convert|5850|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} {{Convert|20|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} racer.<ref name="Darke, p.1684."/>

At the 1901 [[Paris Salon]], Peugeot debuted a tiny shaft-driven {{Convert|652|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} {{Convert|5|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} one-cylinder, dubbed "''Bébé''" ("baby"), and shed its conservative image, becoming a style leader.<ref name="Darke, p.1685.">Darke, p.1685.</ref> After placing 19th in the 1902 Paris-Vienna Rally with a {{Convert|50|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} {{Convert|11322|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} racer, and failing to finish with two similar cars, Peugeot quit racing.<ref name="Darke, p.1685."/>

In 1898, Peugeot Motocycles presents at the [[Paris Motorshow]] the first motorcycle equipped with a Dion-Bouton motor. Peugeot Motocycles remains the oldest motorcycle manufacturer in the world.

Peugeot added motorcycles to its range in 1901, and they have been built under the Peugeot name ever since. By 1903, Peugeot produced half of the cars built in France, and they offered the {{Convert|5|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} ''Bébé'', a {{Convert|6.5|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} four-seater, and an {{Convert|8|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} and {{Convert|12|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} resembling contemporary [[Mercedes (car)|Mercedes]] models.<ref name="Darke, p.1685."/>

The 1907 salon showed Peugeot's first six-cylinder and marked [[Tony Huber]] joining as an engine builder.<ref name="Darke, p.1685."/> By 1910, Peugeot's [[product line]] included a {{Convert|1149|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} two-cylinder and six four-cylinders, of between two and six liters. In addition, a new factory opened the same year at Sochaux, which became the main plant in 1928.<ref>Darke, p.1686.</ref>

A more famous name, [[Ettore Bugatti]], designed the new {{Convert|850|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} four-cylinder ''Bébé'' of 1912.<ref name="Darke, p.1685."/> The same year, Peugeot returned to racing with a team of three driver-engineers (a breed typical of the pioneer period, exemplified by [[Enzo Ferrari]] among others): [[Jules Goux]] (graduate of ''Arts et Metiers'', Paris), [[Paul Zuccarelli|Paolo Zuccarelli]] (formerly of [[Hispano-Suiza]]), and [[Georges Boillot]] (collectively called ''Les Charlatans''), with 26-year-old Swiss engineer [[Ernest Henry (engineer)|Ernest Henry]] to make their ideas reality. The company decided ''voiturette'' (light car) racing was not enough, and chose to try ''grandes épreuves'' (grand touring). They did so with an engineering ''tour de force'': a [[dual overhead camshaft]] (DOHC) 7.6-liter four-cylinder (110x200 mm) with four valves per cylinder.<ref>Darke, p.1686 & 1688.</ref> It proved faster than other cars of its time, and Boillot won the 1912 French Grand Prix at an average of {{Convert|68.45|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on}}, despite losing third gear and taking a 20-minute pit stop.<ref name="autogenerated3">Darke, p.1688.</ref> In May 1913, Goux took one to [[Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis]], and won at an average of {{Convert|75.92|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on}}, recording straightaway speeds of {{Convert|93.5|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="autogenerated3"/> making Peugeot the first non-American-based auto company to win at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 1914, Boillot's 3-liter L5 set a new Indy lap record of {{Convert|99.5|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on}}, and Duray placed second (beaten by ex-Peugeot ace [[René Thomas (racing driver)|René Thomas]] in a {{Convert|6235|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} [[Delage]]).<ref name="autogenerated5">Darke, p.1689.</ref> Another (driven by Boillot's brother, [[André Boillot|André]]) placed in 1915; similar models won in 1916 ([[Dario Resta]]) and 1919 ([[Howdy Wilcox]]).

For the 1913 [[French Grand Prix]], an improved L5 (with {{Convert|5655|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} engine) was produced with a pioneering ballbearing [[crankshaft]], gear-driven camshafts, and [[dry sump]] lubrication, all of which soon became standard on racing cars; Zuccarelli was killed during testing on public roads,<ref name="autogenerated3"/> but Boillot easily won the event, making him (and Peugeot) the race's first double winner.<ref name="autogenerated5"/> For the 1914 French GP, Peugeot was overmatched by [[Mercedes-Benz in motorsport|Mercedes]], and despite a new innovation, four-wheel brakes (against the Mercedes' rear-only), Georges proved unable to match them and the car broke down.<ref name="autogenerated5"/> (Surprisingly, a 1914 model turned a {{Convert|103|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} lap in practice at Indy in 1949, yet it failed to qualify.)<ref name="Darke, p.1690.">Darke, p.1690.</ref> Peugeot was more fortunate in 1915, winning at the French GP and [[Vanderbilt Cup]].<ref name="Darke, p.1690."/>

During the [[First World War]], Peugeot turned largely to arms production, becoming a major manufacturer of arms and military vehicles, from armoured cars and bicycles to shells. Between 1917 and 1920 the company produced 4,084 [[Peugeot Type 1525|Type 1525 trucks]].<ref>[[Musée de l'Aventure Peugeot]]. The exhibit label (2012) states: « Le site industriel de Sochaux fut créé en 1912 pour la production des poids lourds. Des différents types de camion Peugeot  produits de 1913 à 1918 celui-ci fut les plus utilise par l’armée française. Au total 6,000 camions Peugeot ravitaillèrent le front de Verdun pendant la 1ère guerre mondiale. Le camion Type 1525  fut produit en 4,084 exemplaires de 1917 à 1920. Moteur 4 cylindres 4,712 cm3, puissance 22 ch., boite de vitesses a 4 rapports, transmission par arbre, roues en acier coule, jumelée à l’arrière, avec bandage caoutchoucs plein, charge utile 4,000 kg. Vitesse max 30 km/h»</ref> Peugeot also manufactured [[aircraft engine]]s. The firm designed and built the [[Peugeot 8Aa]] engines, which equipped the 1,123 [[Voisin VIII]] [[bomber]]s and cannon [[Fighter aircraft|fighters]] used by the [[History of the Armée de l'Air (1909-1942)|Aéronautique Militaire]].<ref name=":Davilla">{{Cite book |last1=Davilla |first1=James J |title=French aircraft of the First World War |last2=Soltan |first2=Arthur M |date=2002 |publisher=Flying Machines Press |isbn=9781891268090 |pages=559}}</ref> Additionally, Peugeot was one of the major license producers of the [[Hispano-Suiza 8]] aero engines which powered many French and British fighter aircraft during the second half of the conflict.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marco |first=Manuel Lage |title=Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics |date=2003 |publisher=SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) |isbn=9780768042719 |location=United States |pages=70}}</ref>

{{gallery
|File:1894 paris-rouen - albert lemaître (peugeot 3hp) 1st.jpg|Paris-Rouen 1894. Albert Lemaître (pictured on left) was classified first in his Peugeot 3&nbsp;hp. Bicycle manufacturer [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard]] was the front passenger.
|File:Peugeot 6HP Vis-à-vis 1898.JPG|Peugeot 6HP Vis-à-vis 1898
|File:Peugeot Typ 19 1899.JPG|Peugeot Type 19, 1899
|File:Peugeot Type 125.jpg|[[Peugeot Type 125]], a midrange car produced in 1910|File:Peugeot Phaeton 139A.JPG|Peugeot, model Phaeton 139A, 1913
|File: Moteur d avion Peugeot L112 1916 DSC 0073.JPG|[[Peugeot 8Aa]], aircraft engine, 1916
}}