Editing Perciformes (section)

=== Classification ===
Classification of this group has long been controversial, with various families being placed in and out of Perciformes depending on the study. Only in recent decades, with the advent of [[molecular phylogenetics]], has the classification of the family been largely resolved. Based on these studies, many suborders formerly placed within the Perciformes are better placed elsewhere in the Percomorpha, but former members of the [[Scorpaeniformes]], [[Gasterosteoidei|Gasterosteiformes]], and some members of the [[Trachiniformes]] (including the type genus) are now considered true perciforms.<ref name="Betancur-Rodriguez-4" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Fricke |first=R. |last2=Eschmeyer |first2=W. N. |last3=Van der Laan |first3=R. |date=2025 |title=ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION |url=https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=California Academy of Sciences |language=en}}</ref>

==== Present classification ====
The following classification is based on ''[[Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes]]'':<ref name=":13" />

* Order '''Perciformes'''
** Genus †''[[Paleoserranus]]'' <small>Cantalice, Alvarado-Ortega & Alaniz-Galvan, 2018</small><ref name=":1" />
** Suborder [[Percoidei]]
*** Family [[Serranidae]] <small>[[William Swainson|Swainson]], 1839</small> (sea basses)
*** Family [[Anthiadidae]] <small>[[Felipe Poey y Aloy|Poey]], 1861</small> (fairy basslets or streamer basses)
*** Family [[Epinephelidae]] <small>[[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1874</small> (groupers)
*** Family [[Liopropomatidae]] <small>Poey, 1867</small> (painted basslets)
*** Family [[Grammistidae]] <small>Bleeker, 1857</small> (soapfishes)
*** Family [[Percidae]] <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1815</small> ([[Perch|perches]] and [[Etheostomatinae|darters]])
*** Family [[Niphonidae]] <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1923</small> (Ara groupers)
*** Family [[Trachinidae]] <small>Rafinesque, 1815</small> (weeverfishes)
*** Family [[Bembropidae]] <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1913</small> (flatheads or duckbill flatheads)
** Suborder [[Notothenioidei]]
*** Family [[Percophidae]] <small>Swainson, 1839</small> (Brazilian flatheads)
*** Family [[Bovichtidae]] <small>[[Theodore Gill|Gill]], 1862</small> (thornfishes)
*** Family [[Congoli|Pseudaphritidae]] <small>[[Allan Riverstone McCulloch|McCulloch]], 1929</small> (congollis)
*** Family [[Patagonian blennie|Eleginopidae]] <small>Gill, 1893</small> (Patagonian blennies)
*** Family [[Nototheniidae]] <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1861</small> (cod icefishes)
*** Family [[Harpagiferidae]] <small>Gill, 1861</small> (plunderfishes)
*** Family [[Bathydraconidae]] <small>Regan, 1913</small> (Antarctic dragonfishes)
*** Family [[Channichthyidae]] <small>Gill, 1861</small> (crocodile icefishes)
** Suborder [[Scorpaenoidei]]
*** Family [[Platycephalidae]] <small>Swainson, 1839</small> (flatheads)
*** Family [[Hoplichthys|Hoplichthyidae]] <small>[[Johann Jakob Kaup|Kaup]], 1873</small> (spiny flatheads)
*** Family [[Triglidae]] <small>Rafinesque, 1815</small> (searobins)
*** Family [[Bembridae]] <small>Kaup, 1873</small> (deepwater flatheads)
*** Family [[Synanceiidae]] <small>Swainson, 1839</small> (stonefishes)
*** Family [[Neosebastidae]] <small>[[Kiyomatsu Matsubara|Matsubara]], 1943</small> (gurnard scorpionfishes)
*** Family [[Plectrogeniidae]] <small>Fowler, 1938</small> (stinger flatheads)
*** Family [[Scorpaenidae]] <small>[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1827</small> (scorpionfishes)
*** Family [[Congiopodidae]] <small>Gill, 1889</small> (racehorses or pigfishes)
*** Family [[Zanclorhynchidae]] <small>Andriashev, 1993</small> (horsefishes)
*** Family [[Normanichthyidae]] <small>Clark, 1937</small> (barehead scorpionfishes )
** Suborder [[Cottoidei]]
*** Family [[Anoplopomatidae]] <small>Jordan & [[Charles Henry Gilbert|Gilbert]] ,1883</small> (sablefishes)
*** Family [[Zaniolepididae]] <small>Jordan & Gilbert, 1883</small> (combfishes)
*** Family [[Hexagrammidae]] <small>Jordan, 1888</small> (greenlings)
*** Family [[Rhamphocottidae]] <small>Jordan & Gilbert, 1883</small> (horsehead sculpins)
*** Family [[Jordaniidae]] <small>Jordan & Evermann, 1898</small> (longfin sculpins)
*** Family [[Cottidae]] <small>[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1831</small> (sculpins)
*** Family [[Psychrolutidae]] <small>Günther, 1861</small> (marine sculpins)
*** Family [[Agonidae]] <small>Swainson, 1839</small> (poachers)
*** Family [[Trichodontidae]] <small>Bleeker, 1859</small> (sandfishes)
*** Family [[Cyclopteridae]] <small>Bonaparte, 1831</small> (lumpfishes)
*** Family [[Liparidae]] <small>Gill, 1861</small> (snailfishes)
** Suborder [[Gasterosteoidei]]
*** Family [[Korean sandlance|Hypoptychidae]] <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1880</small> (sand-eels)
*** Family [[Gasterosteidae]] <small>Bonaparte, 1831</small> (sticklebacks)
*** Family [[Aulorhynchidae]] <small>Gill, 1861</small> (tubesnouts)
** Suborder [[Zoarcoidei]]
*** Family [[Zoarcidae]] <small>Swainson, 1839</small> (eelpouts)
*** Family [[Anarhichadidae]] <small>Bonaparte, 1835</small> (wolffishes)
*** Family [[Neozoarcidae]] <small>Jordan & [[John Otterbein Snyder|Snyder]], 1902</small> (largemouth kissing eelpouts)
*** Family [[Eulophiidae]] <small>Smith, 1902</small> (spinous eelpouts)
*** Family [[Stichaeidae]] <small>Gill, 1864</small> (pricklebacks)
*** Family [[Lumpenidae]] <small>Jordan & Evermann, 1898</small> (eel pricklebacks)
*** Family [[Opisthocentridae]] <small>Jordan & Evermann, 1898</small> (rearspined fin pricklebacks)
*** Family [[Pholidae]] <small>Gill, 1893</small> (gunnels)
*** Family [[Ptilichthyidae]] <small>Jordan & Gilbert, 1883</small> (quillfishes)
*** Family [[Zaproridae]] <small>Jordan, 1896</small> (prowfishes)
*** Family [[Cryptacanthodidae]] <small>Gill, 1861</small> (wrymouths)
*** Family [[Cebidichthyidae]] <small>Gill, 1862</small> (monkeyface pricklebacks)
*** Family [[Scytalinidae]] <small>Jordan & [[Edwin Chapin Starks|Starks]], 1895</small> (graveldivers)
*** Family [[Bathymasteridae]] <small>Jordan & Gilbert, 1883</small> (ronquils)
==== Past classifications ====
As traditionally defined before the introduction of [[cladistics]], the Perciformes are almost certainly [[paraphyletic]]. Other orders that should possibly be included as suborders are the [[Scorpaeniformes]], [[Tetraodontiformes]], and [[Pleuronectiformes]].
Of the presently recognized suborders, several may be paraphyletic, as well. These are grouped by suborder/superfamily, generally following the text ''[[Fishes of the World]]''.<ref name="nelson" /><ref>{{FishBase order |order=Perciformes|month=August |year=2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ADW: Perciformes|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Perciformes/classification/|work=animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu|publisher=Animal Diversity Web}}</ref><ref name="Nelson5" />
[[File:Perciformes 01.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Perciformes display at the [[National Museum of Natural History]].]]
[[File:Pomacanthus semicirculatus 1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Pomacanthus semicirculatus]]'']]

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! colspan="1" |Nelson 2016<ref name="Nelson5">{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages=430–467 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |access-date=20 February 2020 |archive-date=8 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408194051/https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! colspan="1" |Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2017<ref name="Betancur-Rodriguez-4">{{cite journal |last1=Betancur-R |first1=Ricardo |last2=Wiley |first2=Edward O. |last3=Arratia |first3=Gloria |last4=Acero |first4=Arturo |last5=Bailly |first5=Nicolas |last6=Miya |first6=Masaki |last7=Lecointre |first7=Guillaume |last8=Ortí |first8=Guillermo |title=Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |date=6 July 2017 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=162 |doi=10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3 |pmid=28683774 |issn=1471-2148|doi-access=free |pmc=5501477 }}</ref>
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* Suborder [[Percoidei]]
** Superfamily [[Percoidea]]                 
*** [[Centropomidae]] (Snooks)
*** [[Latidae]] (Lates)
*** [[Gerreidae]] (Mojarras)
*** [[Centrogenyidae]] (False scorpionfishes)
*** [[Perciliidae]] (Southern basses)
*** [[Howellidae]] (Oceanic basslets)
*** [[Acropomatidae]] (Lanternbellies)
*** [[Epigonidae]] (Deepwater cardinalfishes)
*** [[Polyprionidae]] (Wreckfishes)
*** [[Lateolabracidae]] (Asian sea-basses)
*** [[Mullidae]] (Goatfishes)
*** [[Glaucosomatidae]] (Pearl perches)
*** [[Pempheridae]] (Sweepers)
*** [[Oplegnathidae]] (Knifejaws)
*** [[Kuhliidae]] (Flagtails)
*** [[Bathyclupeidae]] (Bathyclupeids)
*** [[Toxotidae]] (Archerfishes)
*** [[Arripidae]] (Australasian salmon (kahawai))
*** [[Dichistiidae]] (Galjoen fishes)
*** [[Kyphosidae]] (Sea chubs)
*** [[Terapontidae]] (grunters or tigerperches)
*** [[Percichthyidae]] (temperate perches)
*** [[Sinipercidae]] (Chinese perches)
*** [[Enoplosidae]] (Oldwives)
*** [[Pentacerotidae]] (Armourheads)
*** [[Dinopercidae]] (Cavebasses)
*** [[Banjos (fish)|Banjosiidae]] (Banjofishes)
*** [[Centrarchidae]] (Sunfishes)
*** [[Serranidae]] (Sea basses and Groupers)
*** [[Percidae]] (Perches)
*** [[Lactariidae]] (False trevallies)
*** [[Dinolestidae]] (Long-finned pikes)
*** [[Scombropidae]] (Gnomefishes)
*** [[Pomatomidae]] (Bluefishes)
*** [[Bramidae]] (Pomfrets)
*** [[Caristiidae]] (Manefishes)
**Possibly related to [[Acanthuriformes]]  
*** [[Monodactylidae]] (Moonfishes)
*** [[Priacanthidae]] (Bigeyes (catalufas))
**Families which may have a relationship to Acanthuroidei, Monodactylidae, and Priacanthidae
*** [[Leiognathidae]] (Ponyfishes, slimys, or slipmouths)
*** [[Chaetodontidae]] (Butterflyfishes)
*** [[Pomacanthidae]] (Angelfishes)
*** [[Malacanthidae]] (Tilefishes)
*** [[Haemulidae]] (Grunts)
*** [[Hapalogenyidae]] (Barbeled grunters)
*** [[Lutjanidae]] (Snappers)
*** [[Caesionidae]] (Fusiliers)
** Superfamily [[Cirrhitoidea]]
*** [[Cirrhitidae]] (Hawkfishes)
*** [[Chironemidae]] (Kelpfishes)
*** [[Aplodactylidae]] (Marblefishes)
*** [[Cheilodactylidae]] (Morwongs)
*** [[Latridae]] (Trumpeters)
**Superfamily [[Cepoloidea]]
*** [[Cepolidae]] (Bandfishes)
**Superfamily [[Siganoidea]]
*** [[Scatophagidae]] (Scats)
*** [[Siganidae]] (Rabbitfishes)
* Suborder [[Notothenioidei]]
** [[Bovichtidae]] (Temperate icefishes)
** [[Pseudaphritidae]] (Catadromous icefishes)
** [[Eleginopsidae]] (Patagonian blennies)
** [[Nototheniidae]] (Cod icefishes)
** [[Harpagiferidae]] (Spiny plunderfishes)
** [[Artedidraconidae]] (Barbeled plunderfishes)
** [[Bathydraconidae]] (Antarctic dragonfishes)
** [[Channichthyidae]] (Crocodile icefishes)
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* Order '''Perciformes''' (incl. [[Gasterosteiformes]]; [[Scorpaeniformes]])
** Suborder Serranoidei
*** [[Serranidae]]
** Suborder Percoidei
*** [[Trachinidae]]
*** [[Niphonidae]]
*** [[Percidae]]
** Suborder Normanichthyoidei
*** [[Normanichthyidae]]
** Suborder Notothenioidei
***[[Artedidraconidae]]
***[[Bathydraconidae]]
*** [[Bovichtidae]]
***[[Channichthyidae]]
*** [[Eleginopsidae]]
***[[Harpagiferidae]]
*** [[Nototheniidae]]
*** [[Percophidae]]
*** [[Pseudaphritidae]]
** Suborder Platycephaloidei
*** [[Hoplichthyidae]]
*** [[Bembridae]]
*** [[Parabembridae]]
*** [[Platycephalidae]]
*** [[Plectrogenidae|Plectrogeniidae]]
** Suborder Bembropoidei
*** [[Bembropidae]]
** Suborder Triglioidei
*** [[Peristediidae]]
*** [[Triglidae]]
** Suborder Scorpaenoidei
*** [[Apistidae]]
*** [[Aploactinidae]]
*** [[Congiopodidae]]
*** [[Eschmeyeridae]]
*** [[Gnathanacanthidae]]
*** [[Neosebastidae]]
*** [[Pataecidae]]
*** [[Perryenidae]]
*** [[Synanceiidae]]
*** [[Tetrarogidae]]
*** [[Scorpaenidae]] (incl. [[Caracanthidae]])
*** [[Sebastidae]]
*** [[Setarchidae]]
*** [[Zanclorhynchidae]]
** Suborder Cottoidei
*** Infraorder Anoplopomatales
**** [[Anoplopomatidae]]
*** Infraorder Zoarcales
**** [[Anarhichadidae]]
**** [[Bathymasteridae]]
**** [[Cryptacanthodidae]]
**** [[Eulophiidae]]
**** [[Zoarcidae]]
**** [[Pholidae]]
**** [[Ptilichthyidae]]
**** [[Zaproridae]]
**** [[Stichaeidae]]
**** [[Scytalinidae]]
*** Infraorder Gasterosteales
**** [[Hypoptychidae]]
**** [[Aulorhynchidae]]
**** [[Gasterosteidae]]
*** Infraorder Zaniolepidales
**** [[Zaniolepididae]]
*** Infraorder Hexagrammales
**** [[Hexagrammidae]]
*** Infraorder Cottales
**** [[Normanichthyidae]]
**** [[Trichodontidae]]
**** [[Cyclopteridae]]
**** [[Liparidae]]
**** [[Jordaniidae]]
**** [[Rhamphocottidae]] ([[Ereuniidae]])
**** [[Scorpaenichthyidae]]
**** [[Agonidae]] (incl. [[Hemitripteridae]])
**** [[Cottidae]] (incl. [[Abyssocottidae]], [[Comephoridae]]; [[Cottocomephoridae]])
**** [[Psychrolutidae]] (incl. [[Bathylutichthyidae]])
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