Editing Peking University (section)

=== Early Republic of China period (1916–1927) ===
The noted scholar [[Cai Yuanpei]] was appointed president on 4 January 1917, and helped transform Peking University into the country's largest institution of higher learning, with 14 departments and an enrollment of more than 2,000 students.{{cn|date=October 2024}} President Cai, inspired by the German model of academic freedom, introduced faculty governance and democratic management to the university.{{cn|date=October 2024}} Cai recruited an intellectually diverse faculty that included some of the most prominent figures in the progressive [[New Culture Movement]], including [[Hu Shih]], [[Liu Bannong]], [[Ma Yinchu]], [[Li Dazhao]], [[Chen Duxiu]], [[Lu Xun]] and [[Liang Shuming]]. Meanwhile, leading conservatives [[Gu Hongming]] and [[Huang Kan]] also taught at the university.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A companion to Asian art and architecture|date=2011|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|others=Brown, Rebecca M., Hutton, Deborah S.|isbn=9781444396355|location=Chichester, West Sussex, UK|oclc=767516261}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2024}} A firm supporter for freedom of thought, Cai advocated for educational independence and resigned several times protesting the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|government]]'s policy and interference.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goldman |first=René |date= 1961|title=Peking University Today |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/abs/peking-university-today/39A04A5687B647A1AB97BA55C6AC5031 |journal=The China Quarterly |language=en |volume=7 |pages=101–111 |doi=10.1017/S0305741000025054 |issn=1468-2648}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2024}}
[[File:Peking University Institue for Chinese Classics.jpg|thumb|220x220px|The faculty of Peking University Institute for Chinese Classics in 1924]]
[[File:Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_(May_4,_1919).jpg|thumb|220x220px|Peking University students protesting the [[Treaty of Versailles]] in the [[May Fourth Movement]].]]On 1 May 1919, some students of Peking University learned that the Treaty of Versailles would allow Japan to receive Germany's colonising rights in Shandong province. An assembly at Peking University that included these students and representatives from other universities in Beijing was quickly organised. On 4 May, students from thirteen universities marched to [[Tiananmen]] to protest the terms of [[Treaty of Versailles]], demanded the [[Beiyang government]] to refuse to sign the treaty. Demonstrators also demanded the immediate resignation of three officials: [[Cao Rulin]], Minister of the [[Ministry of Transportation and Communications (Taiwan)|Ministry of Transportation]], Zhang Zongxiang, China's Ambassador to Japan and Lu Zongyu, Minister of Currency, who they believed were in cooperation with Japanese. The protest ended up with some protesters being beaten and arrested, and Cao Rulin's house burned by protesters. Following the protest on 4 May, students, workers and merchants from nearly all China's major cities went on strike and boycotted Japanese goods in China. The [[Beiyang government]] eventually agreed to release the arrested students and fired the three officials under intense public pressure, China's representatives in Paris refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://worldpolicy.org/world-policy-journal-summer-2005/|title=World Policy Journal – Summer 2005 – World Policy|work=World Policy|access-date=11 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701030616/https://worldpolicy.org/world-policy-journal-summer-2005/|archive-date=1 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2024}}[[File:PekingUniversityPic6.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Peking University's West Gate, one of the symbols of the university campus]]During the [[Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius]] campaign of 1973 to 1976, critique groups formed at Peking University and [[Tsinghua University]] disseminated commentaries under the pseudonym of "Liang Xiao."<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last1=Xu |first1=Youwei |title=Everyday Lives in China's Cold War Military Industrial Complex: Voices from the Shanghai Small Third Front, 1964–1988 |last2=Wang |first2=Y. Yvon |publisher=[[Palgrave MacMillan]] |year=2022 |isbn=9783030996871 |pages=238}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2024}} The pseudonym sounds like a person's name but is a [[homophone]] for "two schools."<ref name=":22" />{{Failed verification|date=October 2024}}