Editing Peenemünde Army Research Center (section)

==Guided missile and rocket development==
[[File:PenemundeMiniatureDM.jpg|thumb|300px|A launchpad at Peenemünde as depicted in a miniature at the [[Deutsches Museum]]]]
Several [[List of World War II guided missiles of Germany|German guided missiles and rockets of World War II]] were developed by the HVP, including the [[V-2 rocket]] ([[Aggregate series#A4 .28V-2 rocket.29|A-4]]) (see [[V-2#Testing|test launches]]), and the [[Wasserfall]] (35 Peenemünde trial firings),<ref name="Pocock">{{cite book |last=Pocock |first=Rowland F. |title=German Guided Missiles of the Second World War |year=1967 |publisher=Arco Publishing Company, Inc. |location=New York |page=107 }}</ref> [[Henschel Hs 117|Schmetterling]], [[Rheintochter]], [[Taifun (rocket)|Taifun]], and [[Enzian]] missiles. The HVP also performed preliminary design work on very-long-range missiles for use against the United States. That project was sometimes called "V-3" and its existence is well documented.{{where|date=September 2021}} The Peenemünde establishment also developed other technologies such as the first [[closed-circuit television]] system in the world, installed at [[Test Stand VII]] to track the launching rockets.

According to [[Walter Dornberger]], "Rockets worked under water." In the summer of 1942, led by [[Ernst Steinhoff]], Pennemünde worked on sea launches, either from launching racks on the deck of a submerged submarine, or from towed floats. Dornberger summarized the launches from a depth of 30 to 50 feet (9 to 15 metres), "A staggering sight it was when those twenty heavy powder rockets suddenly rose, with a rush and a roar, from the calm waters of the Baltic."<ref name=walter>{{cite book |last1=Dornberger |first1=Walter |title=V-2 |date=1954 |publisher=The Viking Press, Inc. |location=New York |pages=214–216 }}</ref>

===Aerodynamic Institute===
The [[supersonic wind tunnel]] at Peenemünde's "Aerodynamic Institute" eventually had nozzles for speeds up to the record speed of [[Mach number|Mach 4.4]] (in 1942 or 1943), as well as an innovative [[desiccant]] system to reduce the condensation clouding caused by the use of [[liquid oxygen]], in 1940. Led by Rudolph Hermann, who arrived in April 1937 from the [[RWTH Aachen|University of Aachen]], the number of technical staff members reached two hundred in 1943, and it also included Hermann Kurzweg of the [[University of Leipzig]] and [[Walter Haeussermann]].<ref>Neufeld. 88</ref>

===Heimat-Artillerie-Park 11===
Initially set up under the HVP as a rocket training battery (Number 444),<ref name="Klee">{{cite book |last=Klee |first=Ernst |author2=Merk, Otto |title=The Birth of the Missile:The Secrets of Peenemünde |year=1965 |orig-date=1963 |publisher=Gerhard Stalling Verlag |location=Hamburg |pages=44,65,66,78,109,117,125 }}</ref> ''Heimat-Artillerie-Park 11 Karlshagen/Pomerania''<ref name="Klee" />{{Rp|125}} (HAP 11) also contained the A-A Research Command North<ref name="Klee" />{{Rp|65}} for the testing of [[anti-aircraft]] rockets. The [[chemist]] [[Magnus von Braun]], the youngest brother of Wernher von Braun, was employed in the attempted development at Peenemünde of [[anti-aircraft guns#World War I|anti-aircraft rocket]]s.<ref name="Klee" />{{Rp|66}} These were never very successful as weapons during World War II. Their development as practical weapons took another decade of development in the United States and in the [[U.S.S.R.]]

===Peenemünde V-2 production plant===
<!-- This section is linked from [[Bombing of Peenemünde in World War II]]. See [[WP:MOS#Section management]] -->
In November 1938, [[Walther von Brauchitsch]] ordered construction of an A-4 production plant at Peenemünde, and in January 1939, [[Walter Dornberger]] created a subsection of Wa Pruf 11 for planning the Peenemünde Production Plant project, headed by G. Schubert, a senior Army civil servant.<ref>Neufeld. 1995. p119, 114</ref> By midsummer 1943, the first trial runs of the assembly-line in the Production Works at ''Werke Süd'' were made,<ref name="Middlebrook">{{cite book |last=Middlebrook |first=Martin |title=The Peenemünde Raid: The Night of 17–18 August 1943 |year=1982 |publisher=Bobbs-Merrill |location=New York |page=23 }}</ref> but after the end of July 1943 when the enormous hangar ''Fertigungshalle 1'' (F-1, "Mass Production Plant No. 1") was just about to go into operation, [[Operation Hydra (1943)|Operation Hydra]] bombed Peenemünde. On August 26, 1943, [[Albert Speer]] called a meeting with [[Hans Kammler]], Dornberger, Gerhard Degenkolb, and Karl Otto Saur to negotiate the move of A-4 main production to an underground factory in the [[Harz]] mountains.<ref name="Irving" />{{Rp|123}}<ref>Neufeld 1995 p 202</ref> In early September, Peenemünde machinery and personnel for production (including [[Alban Sawatzki]], [[Arthur Rudolph]], and about ten engineers)<ref name="Ordway" />{{Rp|79}} were moved to the [[Mittelwerk]], which also received machinery and personnel from the two other planned A-4 assembly sites.<ref name="Neufeld. 206">Neufeld 1995. p206</ref> On October 13, 1943, the Peenemünde prisoners from the small F-1 concentration camp<ref>Neufeld. 1995 p222</ref> boarded rail cars bound for [[Kohnstein]] mountain.<ref name="Neufeld. 206" />