Editing Passivation (chemistry) (section)

===Discovery and etymology===
The fact that iron doesn't react with concentrated [[nitric acid]] was discovered by [[Mikhail Lomonosov]] in 1738 and rediscovered by [[James Keir]] in 1790, who also noted that such pre-immersed Fe doesn't reduce [[silver]] from [[Silver nitrate|nitrate]] anymore.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lu |first=Xinying |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXitEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2 |title=Passivation and Corrosion of Black Rebar with Mill Scale |date=2023-02-10 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-19-8102-9 |language=en}}</ref> In the 1830s, [[Michael Faraday]] and [[Christian Friedrich Schönbein]] studied that issue systematically and demonstrated that when a piece of [[iron]] is placed in dilute [[nitric acid]], it will dissolve and produce [[hydrogen]], but if the iron is placed in concentrated nitric acid and then returned to the dilute nitric acid, little or no reaction will take place. In 1836, Schönbein named the first state the active condition and the second the passive condition while Faraday proposed the modern explanation of the oxide film described above (Schönbein disagreed with it), which was experimentally proven by [[Ulick Richardson Evans]] only in 1927.<ref name=":0" /> Between 1955 and 1957, [[Carl Frosch]] and [[Lincoln Derrick]] discovered surface passivation of silicon wafers by silicon dioxide, using passivation to build the first silicon dioxide field effect transistors.<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US2802760A|title=Oxidation of semiconductive surfaces for controlled diffusion|gdate=1957-08-13|invent1=Lincoln|invent2=Frosch|inventor1-first=Derick|inventor2-first=Carl J.|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2802760A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Frosch |first1=C. J. |last2=Derick |first2=L. |date=1957-09-01 |title=Surface Protection and Selective Masking during Diffusion in Silicon |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2428650 |journal=Journal of the Electrochemical Society |language=en |volume=104 |issue=9 |pages=547 |doi=10.1149/1.2428650 |issn=1945-7111}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huff |first1=Howard |last2=Riordan |first2=Michael |date=2007-09-01 |title=Frosch and Derick: Fifty Years Later (Foreword) |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/2.F02073IF |journal=The Electrochemical Society Interface |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=29 |doi=10.1149/2.F02073IF |issn=1064-8208}}</ref>