Editing Panorama (section)

== Photographs ==
{{Main|Panoramic photography}}
Panoramic photography soon came to displace painting as the most common method for creating wide views. Not long after the introduction of the [[Daguerreotype]] in 1839, photographers began assembling multiple images of a view into a single wide image.<ref>for example, the Cincinnati Panorama (1848), a daguerreotype by Charles Fontayne and William S. Porter. 6½ x 68 inches (15.24 by 21.59 cm). Held at the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County. http://www.ohiomemory.org/cdm/ref/collection/p267401coll36/id/4168</ref> In the late 19th century, flexible film enabled the construction of panoramic cameras using curved film holders and clockwork drives to rotate the lens in an arc and thus scan an image encompassing almost 180°.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
{{wide image|SonyCenter 360panorama.jpg|600px|360° panorama picture of the center courtyard of the Sony Center at the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin. This picture was calculated from 126 individual photos using autostitch}}

Pinhole cameras of a variety of constructions can be used to make panoramic images. A popular design is the "oatmeal box", a vertical cylindrical container in which the pinhole is made in one side and the film or photographic paper is wrapped around the inside wall opposite, and extending almost right to the edge of, the pinhole. This generates an egg-shaped image with more than 180° view.<ref>Eric Renner (2008). Pinhole photography from historic technique to digital application (4th ed). Amsterdam Focal Press pps. 129-140</ref>

Popular in the 1970s and 1980s, but now superseded by digital presentation software, [[Multi-image]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Images, Images, Images: The Book of Programmed Multi-Image Production|url=https://archive.org/details/imagesimagesimag0000kenn|url-access=registration|last1=Kenny|first1=Michael F.|last2=Schmitt|first2=Raymond F.|publisher=[[Eastman Kodak]]|location=New York|year=1983|isbn=978-0-87985-327-3}}</ref> (also known as multi-image slide presentations, [[slide show]]s or diaporamas) [[reversal film|35mm slide]] projections onto one or more screens characteristically lent themselves to the wide screen panorama. They could run autonomously with silent synchronization pulses to control projector advance and fades, recorded beside an [[audio signal|audio]] [[voice-over]] or music [[Music track|track]]. Precisely overlapping slides placed in slide mounts with soft-edge density masks would merge seamlessly on the screen to create the panorama. Cutting and dissolving between sequential images generated animation effects in the panorama format.

{{wide image|In-camera_panorama_stitch.jpg|600px|A 270° panorama stitched "in-camera". Many modern digital cameras can automatically stitch a sequence of images shot while the camera is rotated.}}

[[File:Jebel Jais vertical panorama.jpg|thumb|120px|Vertical panorama of [[Jebel Jais]] on the border between Oman and United Arab Emirates]]
A vertical panorama or '''vertorama''' is a panorama with an upright orientation instead of a horizontal. It is created using the same techniques as when making a horizontal panorama.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wyden Kivowitz |first1=Scott |title=Go Wider with Panoramic Photography |date=5 May 2014 |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |isbn=9780133904383 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XOnxAwAAQBAJ}}</ref>

=== VR photographs ===
{{Main|VR photography}}
{{Further|Image stitching}}

Digital photography of the late twentieth century greatly simplified this assembly process, which is now known as ''image stitching''. Such stitched images may even be fashioned into forms of [[virtual reality]] movies, using technologies such as [[QuickTime VR]], [[Adobe Flash|Flash]], [[Java 3D|Java]], or even [[JavaScript]]. A [[rotating line camera]] such as the [[Panoscan]] allows the capture of high resolution panoramic images and eliminates the need for [[image stitching]], but immersive "spherical" panorama movies (that incorporate a full 180° vertical viewing angle as well as 360° around) must be made by stitching multiple images. Stitching images together can be used to create extremely high resolution [[gigapixel]] panoramic images.

{{wide image|ALMA_Panoramic_View_with_Carina_Nebula.jpg|600px|Panoramic view of the antennas of the [[Atacama Large Millimeter Array]] under the clear sky over the Chajnantor Plateau, in the Chilean Andes.<ref>{{cite news|title=ALMA Panoramic View with Carina Nebula|url=http://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1345a/|access-date=12 November 2013|newspaper=ESO Picture of the Week}}</ref> }}