Editing Palmyra, Pennsylvania (section)

==History==

===Early settlement===
The land on which Palmyra rests was originally home to the [[Lenape]] and [[Susquehannock]] tribes. The first European explorers and traders came to the region around 1650. Settlers were drawn to the area because of its rich land and abundance of fish and game. Additionally, being part of [[William Penn]]’s colony, his charter providing civil rights and religious freedom also attracted settlers to the area.<ref name="This is Palmyra">{{cite book|last1=Bowman|first1=Ray S.|title=This is Palmyra: 200th Anniversary|date=1960}}</ref>

In the beginning of its colonization, many of [[Pennsylvania]]’s settlers occupied the land not through acquiring the legal rights, but by building on any unclaimed land they found, or [[squatting]]. The squatters came to the Palmyra area between 1717 and 1740. Because the squatters had no official documents stating when they came to the land, it is difficult to precisely trace family migrations to and from the area. From looking at what records do exist, and by the people still living in the Palmyra area, it is clear that the first settlers to live near Palmyra came from two distinct nationalities, the [[Ulster Scots people|Scotch-Irish]] and the [[Palatinate (region)|German Palatinates]].<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

The Scotch-Irish immigrants left their homelands due to a number of political, economic and religious reasons. As expected, they were clannish, and tended not to mix with the other ethnic groups settling the area at the same time. They were also politically minded, and became involved in local governments quickly after settling in the area. A majority of the Scotch-Irish were [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]], and they established several churches as they moved westward across the state. Examples of the churches they built include Derry near Hershey, Donegal in [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]],  Paxtang near Harrisburg, and Silver Spring near [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]]. As the years passed, many of the Scotch-Irish continued westward, leaving the Lebanon Valley.<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

Of the first Scotch-Irish settlers in the Palmyra area, the surnames of Aspey, Campbell, Caruthers, Ewing, Galbraith, McCallen, McClure, McCord, Mitchell, Sawyer, Walker and Wilson are recorded.<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

Grouped with the so-called [[Pennsylvania Dutch]] (for having originated in the historically disjunct German-/"Dutch"-speaking sphere), the German Palatinates had similarly left their homelands, and for a number of reasons. Politically they had been oppressed in the old country, and economically they were poor. They were also gravely persecuted for their religious beliefs. Like the Scotch-Irish, the Germans kept to themselves and did not interfere with settlers of other backgrounds. Throughout the parts of Pennsylvania that had already been settled, German was the prominently spoken language, surpassing English. This encouraged more German settlers to lay down roots in Pennsylvania more so than in the other colonies. Most of the German settlers were farmers, and they flourished in rural areas. These Germans saw farming as a way of life, and tended to be conservative, religious, frugal and hard working people. Unlike the Scotch-Irish, the Germans were not politically minded, and they had no qualms with the English governing them. A majority of the Germans did not leave Pennsylvania, but stayed to work the rich soil.<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

Of the first German settlers in the Palmyra area, the surnames of Bindnagle, Bowman, Carmany, Deininger, Early, Forney, Gingrich, Hemperly, Hetrick, Kettering, Killinger, Naftzger, Nye, Ober, Ricker, and Zimmerman are recorded.<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

The Palmyra area, as well as the entire western edge of the European colonies, was susceptible to attack from the tribes of natives living in the region. In their histories of Lebanon County, Rupp and Egle note many raids that took place in what is now northern Lebanon County. In 1756, the Provincial government decided to build a chain of forts stretching from the [[Susquehanna River]] at Harrisburg in the west to the [[Delaware River]] at [[Easton, Pennsylvania|Easton]] in the east. These forts were built at regular intervals, roughly ten to {{convert|15|mi|km|spell=in}} apart, and in any major gaps along the mountains. One of these forts, Fort Swatara, was built by Capt. Frederick Smith near modern-day Inwood where the Swatara Creek flows through the [[Blue Mountain (Pennsylvania)|Blue Mountain]]. By the end of the [[French and Indian War]] in 1763, the frequency and intensity of native attacks diminished.<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

[[Johannes Palm]], whose name is often anglicized to John Palm, is given credit for founding Palmyra. He was a prominent figure in the early days of the community, serving as a doctor and soldier in the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]. In June 1766, Palm secured the 100-acre plot of land originally surveyed for Johannes Deininger in 1951 and previously owned by Conrad Raisch. This plot was roughly bounded by the present-day Railroad Street, Maple Street and the Dauphin County line. By 1776, Palm had drawn up drafts for a settlement he called “Palmstown”, with his residence located on the 100-Block of West Main Street.<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

===Growth of Palmstown===

The settlement's Post Office was established on April 1, 1804. The name of the town submitted to the [[United States Postal Service|Postal Service]] was “Palmstown”, in honor of Johannes Palm. Yet in 1806, there are records of a tract of land located on both sides of Main Street purchased by John Kean with the settlement being referred to as “Palmyra”, most likely referencing the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] outpost of [[Palmyra]] in [[Syria]]. Although both names were used for a time, the popularity of “Palmyra” had spread and became the official name of the settlement by 1810.<ref name="Lebanon County, Pennsylvania - A History">{{cite book|last1=Carmean|first1=Edna J.|title=Lebanon County, Pennsylvania - A History|date=1976}}</ref>

Transportation from one settlement to the next was essential if either settlement wanted to grow. Turnpike companies were chartered to create improved roads to better facilitate the movement of goods from town to town. Governor Thomas McKean authorized the formation of the Berks and Dauphin Turnpike in 1805. This route was to connect Reading and Hummelstown and employed the main east-west thoroughfare through Palmyra. Upon its opening in 1817, Palmyra gained a direct connection to its neighbors Millerstown (now Annville) and Derry (now Hershey), and to the larger markets in eastern Pennsylvania. The Berks and Dauphin Turnpike existed as a toll road until 1917 and now forms part of [[US 422]].<ref name="Lebanon County, Pennsylvania - A History" />

The [[Downingtown, Pennsylvania|Downingtown]], [[Ephrata, Pennsylvania|Ephrata]] and Harrisburg Pike, which was commonly known as the Horseshoe Pike, was chartered in 1803 and completed 1819. This ran through Campbelltown just south of Palmyra and later became part of [[US 322]]. Another important route that crossed the Palmyra area included the road which led from the Bindnagle settlement to Campbelltown, which is now [[PA 117]].<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

With the opening of these routes, and the incorporation of Harrisburg as the State Capital in 1812, more and more traffic moved through the Palmyra area. The passage of more travelers encouraged taverns and hotels to be built in Palmyra to accommodate them. In the first decades of the 19th century, Palmyra had five taverns and three hotels to serve the needs of those moving through the area. Blacksmith shops, general stores and other small business also began to pop up in Palmyra to serve both travelers and locals alike.<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

The demand of greater speed and tonnage of goods being moved prompted the building of the [[Union Canal (Pennsylvania)|Union Canal]]. Completed in 1827, the Union Canal connected the [[Schuylkill River]] at Reading to the Susquehanna River at [[Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Middletown]]. The canal passed just north of Palmyra, and the settlement's citizens benefited from the increased traffic. The canal was later widened to allow larger boats to pass through in 1849. The Age of Steam also came to Palmyra in 1857, as the first locomotives ran through the settlement on the [[Lebanon Valley Railroad]] in that year. The [[Philadelphia and Reading Railroad]], a predecessor of the [[Reading Company]], acquired the  Lebanon Valley Railroad in 1858. The growth of rail traffic signaled the end for the Union Canal, and for the Berks and Dauphin Turnpike as a toll road.<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

===Since the Civil War===
Palmyra continued to grow steadily through the 19th and 20th centuries. By 1845, the settlement consisted of 160 people in about 20 dwellings. By 1875, the population had increased to 500 people in about 100 dwellings. By 1890, the population had skyrocketed in just fifteen years to 1,760 people. And by 1960, the population had reached 7,000.<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

With the fall of [[Fort Sumter]] in 1861 to the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] Army, President [[Abraham Lincoln]] called on volunteers to preserve the Union. About 78 men from the Palmyra area answered the President's call, and donned the blue uniforms of the Union.
After the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] concluded in 1865, a variety of new businesses were established to better serve the Palmyra area. A large grain warehouse, a slaughterhouse and lumber mill were some of the first industries developed in Palmyra. The town's first newspaper was printed in 1878 and was titled “The Londonderry Gazette”. The Palmyra Bank opened in 1887. The first of several shoe factories opened in 1888. A knitting mill, paper box factory, gas and fuel company, bakery, bottling works, and a feed mill was also open in Palmyra around the start of the 20th century. The growth of [[Milton S. Hershey]]’s chocolate company in nearby Derry also encouraged people to move to the Palmyra area.<ref name="This is Palmyra" />
In 1899, the Lebanon Valley Street Railway Company was formed to provide transit across the length of Lebanon County. The trolley line reached Palmyra in 1904. By this time, the Hershey Trolley Company had also formed, and soon thereafter connected to the Lebanon Valley Line at the square in Palmyra. This trolley connection lasted until 1933, when the Lebanon Valley system switched to bus services. By 1946, the Hershey Line also folded.<ref name="This is Palmyra" />

The [[Landis Shoe Company Building]] was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1980.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
<gallery mode=packed heights=200>
File:Palmyra, Pennsylvania (6480000139).jpg|First Evangelical Church, 55 W. Main
File:Landis Shoe LebCo PA.jpg|[[Landis Shoe Company Building]]
File:Palmyra PA Trinity Reformed PHS441.jpg|Trinity Reformed Church, now Unity of Palmyra Church, 50 W. Main
</gallery>

===250th anniversary===
Palmyra celebrated its 250th anniversary in 2010. A committee was formed to plan the commemoration and among other duties, selected the official logo for the anniversary. The design, which is modeled on the Pennsylvania state seal and features the official orange and black colors of the Palmyra School District. Visit [https://web.archive.org/web/20101222111821/http://palmyra250.com/ the official anniversary website] to view an image of the winning logo.