Editing Pallium (section)

=== Origin ===
There are many different opinions concerning the origin of the pallium.  Some trace it to an [[Donation of Constantine|investiture]] by [[Constantine I]] (or one of his successors); others consider it an imitation of the Hebrew [[ephod]], the [[Humeral veil|humeral garment]] of the [[Kohen Gadol|High Priest]]. Others declare that its origin is traceable to a mantle of [[St. Peter]], which was symbolic of his office as supreme pastor. A fourth hypothesis finds its origin in a liturgical [[Robe|mantle]], used by the early popes, which over time was folded into the shape of a band; a fifth says its origin dates from the custom of folding the ordinary mantle-pallium, an outer garment in use in imperial times; a sixth declares that it was introduced as a papal liturgical garment (which, however, was not at first a narrow strip of cloth, but as the name suggests, a broad, oblong, and folded cloth).{{refn|group=n|{{sfn|Braun|1911}} states: Concerning these various hypotheses see Braun<ref>Braun, ''Die liturgische Gewandung im Occident und Orient'', sect. iv, ch. iii, n. 8.</ref> where these hypotheses are exhaustively examined and appraised.}} There is no solid evidence tracing the pallium to an investiture of the emperor, the ephod of the Jewish High Priest, or a fabled mantle of St. Peter. It may well be that it was introduced as a liturgical badge of the pope, or that it was adopted in imitation of its counterpart, the pontifical [[Omophorion|omophor]], already in vogue in the Eastern Church.{{sfn|Braun|1911}} It was bestowed on papal vicars (like the bishop of Arles, who represented the pope in the regions of Gaul) and other bishops with exclusive links to the [[Apostolic See]]. Also in this rank were missionaries sent with papal approval to organise the church among newly converted peoples. St. [[Augustine of Canterbury]] in seventh-century England and [[St. Boniface]] in eighth-century Germany fell into this category.{{sfn|Schoenig|2006|pp=18–19}}[[File:Raban-Maur Alcuin Otgar.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rabanus Maurus|Raban Maur]] (left), [[Alcuin]] (middle) and Archbishop [[Otgar of Mainz]] (right), wearing the pallium. From a 9th-century manuscript.]]
[[File:Gregory I - Antiphonary of Hartker of Sankt Gallen.jpg|thumb|alt=Manuscript drawing of a seated haloed figure in vestments, with a bird on his right shoulder, talking to a seated scribe writing.|Gregory I dictating, from a 10th-century manuscript (vestments include a pallium)]]