Editing Palatino (section)

===Palatino===
[[File:Palatino old and new.png|thumb|left|Softmaker's digitisation of Palatino, Palazzo Original (right), shows some original features changed in the later digitisations endorsed by Zapf, including a more organic design and detail differences such as a different 'E', 'p', 'q' and 't'.<ref name="Lawson1990" />]]
Palatino itself, as previously noted, has a solid structure, intended to read clearly on poor-quality paper and printing. Zapf's friend Alexander Lawson wrote that "the open counters that make Palatino such a legible letter were provided to overcome a then current printing problem in Germany, poor-quality paper. The weight of the type was also thickened beyond that of a normal roman in order to adapt to the lithographic and gravure printing processes of that period. Zapf has steadily maintained that he did not create Palatino as a book type but rather as a commercial face."<ref name="Lawson1990" /><ref name="Hardwig In memoriam Hermann Zapf, 1918–2015">{{cite web|last1=Hardwig|first1=Florian|title=In memoriam Hermann Zapf, 1918–2015 (German)|url=http://www.myfonts.de/2015/06/zapf/|website=[[MyFonts]]|access-date=23 June 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Palatino Swash Initials.jpg|thumb|left|The italic swash capitals of Palatino from an American metal type specimen sheet]]
Due to Palatino's increasing popularity in body text, multiple versions have been released for the changing technologies of handsetting, hot metal typesetting, [[phototypesetting]] and digital font design. Later versions often have regularised details such as a lower 't' and foot serifs on 'p' and 'q'.<ref name="Lawson1990" /> The italic in particular has gone through several redesigns, with the original for hand-set foundry type being distinctly narrow, the version for the Linotype machine distinctly wide to enable duplexing with the roman, and the versions for subsequent photosetting and digital technologies being in between the two extremes. Hutner and Kelly have described Palatino as "distinctly modern... a modern type not copied from any specific early model."<ref name="HutnerKelly2004">{{cite book|author1=Martin Hutner|author2=Jerry Kelly|title=A Century for the Century: Fine Printed Books from 1900 to 1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=On2cttWtZ9AC&pg=PR22|year=2004|publisher=David R. Godine Publisher|isbn=978-1-56792-220-2|pages=22–}}</ref>

Palatino's italic in metal type included a set of [[Swash (typography)|swash capitals]]. These have not been found in digitisations, although digitisations of Zapf's Renaissance Antiqua design (discussed below) do include a (slightly different) set.<ref name="Hardwig FIU Swash caps">{{cite web|last1=Hardwig|first1=Florian|title=Letters Home by Sylvia Plath, Harper & Row|url=http://fontsinuse.com/uses/10061/letters-home-by-sylvia-plath-harper-andamp-ro|website=Fonts In Use|date=21 August 2015 |access-date=27 March 2016}}</ref> Later versions alter the descenders on many letters; Zapf originally had to keep these short to fit on the German [[Typeface anatomy|common line]] standard, optimised for blackletter typefaces; later versions escape this restriction.<ref name="Shaw2017">{{cite book|author=Paul Shaw|title=Revival Type: Digital Typefaces Inspired by the Past|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n7e0DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA170|date=18 April 2017|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-21929-6|pages=170–2}}</ref>