Editing Paean (section)

==In Greek poetry and music==
The most famous paeans are those of [[Bacchylides]] and [[Pindar]]. Paeans were sung at the festivals of Apollo (especially the [[Hyacinthia]]), at banquets, and later even at public [[funeral]]s. In later times they were addressed not only to the gods, but to [[human|human beings]]. In this manner the [[Rhodes|Rhodians]] celebrated [[Ptolemy I of Egypt]], the [[Samians]] [[Lysander]] of [[Sparta]], the [[Athens|Athenians]] [[Demetrius]], the [[Delphi]]ans [[Craterus]] of [[Macedon]].

Musically, the paean was a choral ode, and originally had an [[antiphon]]al character, in which a leader sang in a [[monody|monodic]] style, with the chorus responding with a simple, informal phrase; however, later in its development, the paean was an entirely choral form. Typically the paean was in the [[Dorian mode]] (note that the Ancient Greek Dorian was different from the modern Dorian mode; see [[musical mode]]),{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}<!--Who claims this? Neither of the two most-nearly complete surviving examples, the Delphic Hymns, have even one short section in Dorian. The first is in Phrygian and Hyperphrygian, the second in Lydian, Hypolydian, and Chromatic Lydian.--> and was accompanied by the [[kithara]], which was Apollo's instrument. Paeans meant to be sung on the battlefield were accompanied by [[aulos]] and kithara.

Two [[Delphic Hymns|musical fragments of paeans]] survive from late antiquity: one by [[Athenaeus (musician)|Athénaios Athenaíou]]" (Athenaios son of Athenaios), the other by [[Limenius|Limenius of Athens]]. The fragment by Limenius has been dated to 128 BC; the one by Athenaios may have been composed in the same year, or ten years earlier.<ref>[[Annie Bélis]] (ed.). 1992. ''Corpus des inscriptions de Delphes'', vol. 3: "Les Hymnes à Apollon" (Paris: De Boccard, 1992), 48–49, 53–54; Egert Pöhlmann and Martin L. West, ''Documents of Ancient Greek Music: The Extant Melodies and Fragments'', edited and transcribed with commentary by Egert Pöhlmann and Martin L. West (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001), 71.</ref>