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== History == {{anchor|Outline of the history of physics}} [[History of physics]] β history of the physical science that studies matter and its motion through space-time, and related concepts such as energy and force * [[Physics in the medieval Islamic world]] * [[European science in the Middle Ages]] * [[History of science and technology in China]] * [[History of Indian science and technology]] === History of fields of physics === * [[History of acoustics]] β history of the study of mechanical waves in solids, liquids, and gases (such as vibration and sound) * [[History of agrophysics]] β history of the study of physics applied to [[agroecosystems]] * [[History of astrophysics]] β history of the study of the physical aspects of celestial objects *[[History of astronomy]] β history of the studies the universe beyond Earth, including its formation and development, and the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects (such as galaxies, planets, etc.) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation). ** [[History of astrodynamics]] β history of the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft. ** [[History of astrometry]] β history of the branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. ** [[History of cosmology]] β history of the discipline that deals with the nature of the Universe as a whole. ** [[History of the Big Bang theory]] β origin of the universe ** [[History of physical cosmology]] β history of the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution. ** [[History of planetary science]] β history of the scientific study of planets (including Earth), moons, and planetary systems, in particular those of the Solar System and the processes that form them. ** [[History of astronomy#Stellar astronomy|History of stellar astronomy]] β history of the natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, nebulae, star clusters and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as cosmic background radiation) * [[History of atomic, molecular, and optical physics]] β history of the study of how matter and light interact * [[History of biophysics]] β history of the study of physical processes relating to biology * [[History of condensed matter physics]] β history of the study of the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. * [[History of econophysics]] β history of the interdisciplinary research field, applying theories and methods originally developed by physicists in order to solve problems in economics * [[History of electromagnetism]] β history of the branch of science concerned with the forces that occur between electrically charged particles. * [[History of geophysics]] β history of the physics of the Earth and its environment in space; also the study of the Earth using quantitative physical methods * [[History of gravitational theory]] β the earliest physics theory with application in daily life through cosmology * [[History of mechanics]] β history of the branch of physics concerned with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment. ** [[History of biomechanics]] β history of the study of the structure and function of biological systems such as humans, animals, plants, organs, and cells by means of the methods of mechanics. ** [[History of classical mechanics]] β history of one of the two major sub-fields of mechanics, which is concerned with the set of physical laws describing the motion of bodies under the action of a system of forces. ** [[History of variational principles in physics]] β mathematical basis of classical and quantum mechanics. ** [[History of fluid mechanics]] β history of the study of fluids and the forces on them. ** [[History of quantum mechanics]] β history of the branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena where the action is on the order of the Planck constant. ** [[History of quantum field theory]] β modern branch of quantum theory. ** [[History of string theory]] β branch of mathematics driven by open questions in quantum physics ** [[History of thermodynamics]] β history of the branch of physical science concerned with heat and its relation to other forms of energy and work. * [[History of nuclear physics]] β history of the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. * [[History of nuclear fusion]] β mechanism powering stars and modern weapons of mass destruction. * [[History of electromagnetism]] β electricity, magnets, and light from radio waves to gamma rays ** [[History of Maxwell's equations]] β classical field equation of electromagnetism * [[History of materials science]] β From stones to silicon, understanding and manipulating matter. * [[History of optics]] β history of the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. * [[History of spectroscopy]] β measuring the response of materials to energy dependent probes of light and matter. * [[History of subatomic physics]] β history of the branch of physics that studies the existence and interactions of particles that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter or radiation. * [[History of the periodic table]] β Tabular summary of the relationship between elements. * [[History of psychophysics]] β history of the quantitative investigations of the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they affect. * [[History of special relativity]] β history of the study of the relationship between space and time in the absence of gravity ** [[History of Lorentz transformations]] β deep dive into one mathematical aspect of special relativity * [[History of general relativity]] β history of the non-quantum theory of gravity * [[History of solid-state physics]] β history of the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. * [[History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses]] long enough to explain itself * [[History of superconductivity]] β ultra-cold state of matter.
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