Editing Order of Canada (section)

==Insignia==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
! colspan="3"|[[File:3 Order of Canada grades.JPG|300px]]
|-
! colspan="3"|Ribbon bar
|-
! Companion
! Officer
! Member
|-
|[[File:CAN Order of Canada Companion ribbon.svg|100px|center]]
|[[File:CAN Order of Canada Officer ribbon.svg|100px|center]]
|[[File:CAN Order of Canada Member ribbon.svg|100px|center]]
|}
{{Clear}}

Upon admission into the Order of Canada, members are given various insignia of the organization, all designed by [[Bruce W. Beatty]], who "broke new ground in the design of insignia of Orders within The Queen's realms" and was himself made a member of the order in 1990;<ref name=RC>{{citation| url=http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/microsites/queenandcommonwealth/MicroObject.asp?row=13&themeid=453&item=13| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608221018/http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/microsites/queenandcommonwealth/MicroObject.asp?row=13&themeid=453&item=13| archive-date=8 June 2011| author=Royal Collection| title=e-Gallery > Exhibitions > Queen & Commonwealth > Orders > Order of Canada, Sovereign's Badge| access-date=26 July 2009|author-link = Royal Collection}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb| Office of the Governor General of Canada| 2017| loc=[http://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=2729 Bruce W. Beatty, C.M., C.D.]}}</ref> Beatty attended every investiture ceremony between 1967 and early 2010.<ref>{{citation|last=Bourdon|first=Buzz|title=Bruce Beatty was the man behind the Order of Canada|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/bruce-beatty-was-the-man-behind-the-order-of-canada/article580645/?page=all|publisher=Globe and Mail|date=11 May 2011|access-date=24 October 2014|archive-date=25 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025201914/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/bruce-beatty-was-the-man-behind-the-order-of-canada/article580645/?page=all|url-status=live}}</ref> The badge belonging to the Sovereign consists of a jewelled, 18-[[Carat (purity)|carat]] gold crown of [[ruby|rubies]], [[emerald]]s, and [[sapphire]]s,<ref name=RC /> from which is suspended a white, enamelled, hexagonal snowflake design, with six equal leaves and diamonds between each. At the centre is a disc bearing a [[maple leaf]] in [[pavé-laid]] rubies on a white enamel background, surrounded at its edge by a red enamel ring (annulus) bearing the motto of the order.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{citation| url=http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&rec_nbr=3601802&lang=eng| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302054251/http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=3601802| archive-date=2 March 2014| last=Library and Archives Canada| author-link=Library and Archives Canada| title=Sovereign Badge of The Order of Canada| id=MIKAN 3601802| access-date=24 October 2014|date = 19 March 2008}}</ref> The Chancellor wears the badge of a Companion and is, upon installation as governor general, granted a [[livery collar]] for wear at Order of Canada investiture ceremonies.<ref>{{citation| title=Adrienne Clarkson Installed as Governor General| journal=Canadian Monarchist News| volume=Autumn 1999| issue=3| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| year=1999| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/1999/installed.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531003841/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/1999/installed.htm|archive-date=31 May 2010|access-date=29 May 2009}}</ref>
<!--Deleted image removed: [[File:Chancellor Chain Order of Canada.jpg|thumb|left|Chancellor's livery collar of the Order of Canada]]-->

[[File:Lorne Michaels David Shankbone 2010 Order of Canada.jpg|thumb|[[Lorne Michaels]] wearing the [[lapel pin]] of a Member (with magnified inset)]]
The badges for inductees are of a similar design to the Sovereign's badge, though without precious stones, and slight differences for each grade. For Companions, the emblem is [[Gilding|gilt]] with a red enamel maple leaf in the central disk; for Officers, it is gilt with a gold maple leaf; and for Members, both the badge itself and the maple leaf are silver. All are topped by a [[St. Edward's Crown]], symbolizing that the order is headed by the Sovereign, and the reverse is plain except for the word ''CANADA''.<ref>{{Harvnb| McCreery| 2005| p=190}}</ref><ref>{{citation| url=http://www.medals.org.uk/canada/canada001.htm| last=Robertson| first=Megan C| title=C > Canada > Orders, Decorations and Medals of Canada > Order of Canada| publisher=Medals of the World| access-date=26 July 2009| archive-date=31 July 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731215607/http://www.medals.org.uk/canada/canada001.htm| url-status=live}}</ref>

The ribbon is white and bordered in red stripes, similar to the [[Flag of Canada|Canadian national flag]]. The [[ribbon bar]] for each grade has the same ribbon and is differentiated by a maple leaf in the centre, the colour of which matches that on the badge of the related grade (red for Companion, gold for Officer and silver for Member). For civilian wear on less formal occasions, a [[lapel pin]] may be worn, which is a miniature version of the recipient's badge and thus is distinct for each grade.

Wear of the insignia is according to guidelines issued by the Chancellery of Honours, which stipulate that the badges be worn before most other national orders, that is, at the end of an individual's medal bar closest to the centre of the chest or at the wearer's neck, with only the [[Victoria Cross (Canada)|Victoria Cross]], the Cross of Valour, and the badge of the Order of Merit permitted to be worn before the badges of the Order of Canada.<ref name="Government of Canada"/><ref>{{Harvnb| Chancellery of Honours| 2005| p=7}}</ref> Those in the grades of Companion or Officer may wear their badges on a neck ribbon, while those in the Member group display their insignia suspended by a ribbon from a medal bar on the left chest. Protocol originally followed the British tradition, wherein female appointees wore their Order of Canada emblem on a ribbon bow positioned on the left shoulder. These regulations were altered in 1997, and women may wear their insignia in either the traditional manner or in the same fashion as the men.<ref>{{Harvnb| Chancellery of Honours| 2005| p=2}}</ref>
[[File:Personal Coat of Arms of Governor General of Canada David Lloyd Johnston.jpg|thumb|The [[coat of arms]] of [[David Johnston (governor general)|David Johnston]], former [[Governor General of Canada]] and Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada, displaying the order's motto and insignia]]

With the [[patriation]] in 1988 of oversight of [[heraldry]] from the UK to Canada through the [[Canadian Heraldic Authority]],<ref>{{citation| url=http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=2| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| author-link=Governor General of Canada| title=Heraldry Today| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=2 March 2010| archive-date=16 February 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100216041134/http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=2| url-status=live}}</ref> the constitution of the Order of Canada was amended to include the entitlement of all inductees to petition the [[Chief Herald of Canada]] for personal armorial bearings (coats of arms),<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2013| loc=21.1.b}}</ref> should they not already possess any. Companions may receive [[supporters (heraldry)|supporters]], and all members may have the [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] (shield) of their arms encircled with a red ribbon bearing the order's motto in gold, and from which is suspended a rendition of the holder's Order of Canada badge.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2013| loc=21.1.c}}</ref> The Queen, Sovereign of the Order of Canada, approved the augmentation of her royal arms for Canada with the order's ribbon in 1987.<ref>{{cite hansard| url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=35&Ses=1&DocId=2332530| title=Royal Arms of Canada| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310004425/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=35&Ses=1&DocId=2332530| archive-date=10 March 2009| house=House of Commons| date=5 December 1995| column_start=1410| column_end=1415}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615092717/http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=2332530 |date=15 June 2022 }}</ref>

On the grant to [[Bishop's College School]], Quebec, the Sovereign's insignia of the Order was depicted below the Royal Arms of Canada, the only time the badge has been incorporated into a grant document.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxBaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA278|title=Order of Canada, Second Edition: Genesis of an Honours System|first=Christopher McCreery|last=MVO|date=January 1, 2018|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9781487500948|via=Google Books}}</ref>

===Possession and sale===
The constitution of the Order of Canada states that the insignia remain property of [[the Crown]],<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2013| loc=23.1}}</ref> and requires any member of the order to return to the chancellery their original emblem should they be upgraded within the order to a higher rank.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2013| loc=24.3.b}}</ref> Thus, while badges may be passed down as family heirlooms, or loaned or donated [[List of Order of Canada insignia displayed in museums|for display in museums]], they theoretically cannot be sold. However, this has proved impossible to enforce, with several Order of Canada insignia put up for sale over the decades. The first was the Companion's badge of [[M.&nbsp;J. Coldwell]], who was appointed in 1967; his badge was sold at auction in 1981, an act that received criticism from government officials.<ref>{{Harvnb| McCreery| 2005| p=197}}</ref>

In 2007, it was revealed that one of the first ever issued insignia of the Order of Canada, a Medal of Service awarded originally to Quebec historian [[Gustave Lanctot]], was put up for sale via e-mail. Originally, the anonymous auctioneer, who had purchased the decoration for $45 at an estate sale in [[Montreal]], attempted to sell the insignia on [[eBay]]; however, after the bidding reached $15,000, eBay removed the item, citing its policy against the sale of government property, including "any die, seal or stamp provided by, belonging to, or used by a government department, diplomatic or military authority appointed by or acting under the authority of Her Majesty." Rideau Hall stated that selling medals was "highly discouraged"; however, the owner continued efforts to sell the insignia via the internet.<ref>{{Citation | last=Canadian Press | url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/order-of-cda-medal-auction-to-proceed-by-e-mail-1.222585 | title=Order of Cda. medal auction to proceed by e-mail | date=6 January 2007 | publisher=CTV | access-date=27 October 2016 | archive-date=27 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027193140/http://www.ctvnews.ca/order-of-cda-medal-auction-to-proceed-by-e-mail-1.222585 | url-status=live }}</ref> Five years later, a miniature insignia presented to [[Tommy Douglas]] was put on auction in Ontario as part of a larger collection of Douglas artifacts.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://lfpress.com/news/london/2012/01/18/19263576.html| title=Daughter sure Tommy Douglas medals are safe| date=18 January 2012| newspaper=London Free Press| access-date=11 September 2013| archive-date=22 February 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222200916/http://www.lfpress.com/news/london/2012/01/18/19263576.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> Douglas's daughter, [[Shirley Douglas]], purchased the set for $20,000.<ref>{{cite news| last=Graney| first=Emma| title=Daughter drops $20K to keep Tommy Douglas medals in family| date=9 February 2012| agency=Postmedia News| location=Regina}}</ref>