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===19th century=== After the American Revolution, the character of the county changed dramatically. Invention by [[Eli Whitney]] of a mass-produced [[cotton gin]] for processing short-staple or "green seed" cotton made this type of cotton profitable. It was easily grown in the upland areas, and the county was rapidly developed into large cotton plantations. Agricultural labor was provided by [[Slavery in the United States|enslaved African Americans]], many brought into the area in a forced migration from the coastal areas or the Upper South via the domestic slave trade. Slaves became the majority of population in the county and city. Freed after the Civil War, blacks began to gain educations, and two colleges were established in the city, the second designated as a land grant institution for all black students in the state under segregation. Blacks were also subject to [[Jim Crow]] laws passed by the Democrat-dominated state legislature; they were deprived of their ability to vote by South Carolina's [[Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era|disenfranchising constitution]] passed at the turn of the 20th century, which erected barriers to voter registration. In 1919 The Orangeburg Regional Medical Center opened. This area is also known for its extremely rich soil.
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