Editing Oncotic pressure (section)

==Physiological impact==
In tissues, physiological disruption can arise with decreased oncotic pressure, which can be determined using blood tests for protein concentration.

Decreased colloidal osmotic pressure, most notably seen in [[hypoalbuminemia]], can cause edema and decrease in blood volume as fluid is not reabsorbed into the bloodstream. Colloid pressure in these cases can be lost due to a number of different factors, but primarily decreased colloid production or increased loss of colloids through glomerular filtration.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citation|last1=Prasad|first1=Rohan M.|title=Microalbuminuria|date=2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563255/|work=StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=33085402|access-date=2021-12-09|last2=Tikaria|first2=Richa}}</ref> This low pressure often correlates with poor surgical outcomes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Sunghye|last2=McClave|first2=Stephen A.|last3=Martindale|first3=Robert G.|last4=Miller|first4=Keith R.|last5=Hurt|first5=Ryan T.|date=2017-11-01|title=Hypoalbuminemia and Clinical Outcomes: What is the Mechanism behind the Relationship?|journal=The American Surgeon|volume=83|issue=11|pages=1220–1227|doi=10.1177/000313481708301123|issn=1555-9823|pmid=29183523|s2cid=25304336 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

In the clinical setting, there are two types of fluids that are used for intravenous drips: crystalloids and [[colloid]]s. Crystalloids are [[aqueous solution]]s of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules. Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as [[gelatin]]. There is some debate concerning the advantages and disadvantages of using biological vs. synthetic colloid solutions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wong|first1=Christine|last2=Koenig|first2=Amie|date=March 2017|title=The Colloid Controversy: Are Colloids Bad and What Are the Options?|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27914756/|journal=The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice|volume=47|issue=2|pages=411–421|doi=10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.09.008|issn=1878-1306|pmid=27914756}}</ref> Oncotic pressure values are approximately 290 mOsm per kg of water, which slightly differs from the osmotic pressure of the blood that has values approximating 300&nbsp;mOsm /L.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} These colloidal solutions are typically used to remedy low colloid concentration, such as in hypoalbuminemia, but is also suspected to assist in injuries that typically increase fluid loss, such as burns.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cartotto|first1=Robert|last2=Greenhalgh|first2=David|date=October 2016|title=Colloids in Acute Burn Resuscitation|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27600123/|journal=Critical Care Clinics|volume=32|issue=4|pages=507–523|doi=10.1016/j.ccc.2016.06.002|issn=1557-8232|pmid=27600123}}</ref>