Editing Oliver Heaviside (section)

==Later years and views==
[[File:Heaviside blue plaque.jpg|thumb|[[Blue plaque]] dedicated to Heaviside in Paignton]]
In 1896, FitzGerald and [[John Perry (engineer)|John Perry]] obtained a [[Pensions in the United Kingdom#Civil List pensions|civil list pension]] of £120&nbsp;per year for Heaviside, who was now living in Devon, and persuaded him to accept it, after he had rejected other charitable offers from the Royal Society.{{sfn|Hunt|2004}}

In 1902, Heaviside proposed the existence of what is now known as the [[Kennelly–Heaviside layer]] of the [[ionosphere]]. Heaviside's proposal included means by which radio signals are transmitted around the Earth's curvature. The existence of the ionosphere was confirmed in 1923. The predictions by Heaviside, combined with [[Max Planck|Planck's]] radiation theory, probably discouraged further attempts to detect radio waves from the [[Sun]] and other [[astronomical object]]s. For whatever reason, there seem to have been no attempts for 30&nbsp;years, until [[Karl Guthe Jansky|Jansky's]] development of [[radio astronomy]] in 1932.

Heaviside was an opponent of Albert Einstein's [[theory of relativity]].<ref name="Eves 1988">Eves, Howard. (1988). ''Return to Mathematical Circles: A Fifth Collection of Mathematical Stories and Anecdotes''. PWS-Kent Publishing Company. p. 27. {{ISBN|9780871501059}}</ref> Mathematician [[Howard Eves]] has commented that Heaviside "was the only first-rate physicist at the time to impugn Einstein, and his invectives against relativity theory often bordered on the absurd".<ref name="Eves 1988"/>

In later years his behavior became quite [[Eccentricity (behavior)|eccentric]]. According to associate B.A. Behrend, he became a recluse who was so averse to meeting people that he delivered the manuscripts of his ''[[The Electrician|Electrician]]'' papers to a grocery store, where the editors picked them up.<ref>
{{cite magazine
  | title = Pages with the editor
  | date=June 1925
  | magazine = [[Popular Radio]]
  | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 6
  | location = New York
  | url = http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Popular-Radio/Popular-Radio-1925-06.pdf
  | access-date = 14 August 2014
}}
</ref>
Though he had been an active cyclist in his youth, his health seriously declined in his sixth decade. During this time Heaviside would sign letters with the initials "''W.O.R.M.''" after his name. Heaviside also reportedly started painting his fingernails pink and had granite blocks moved into his house for furniture.<ref name=Nahin/>{{rp|page=xx}} In 1922, he became the first recipient of the [[Faraday Medal]], which was established that year.

On Heaviside's religious views, he was a [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]], but not religious. He was even said to have made fun of people who put their faith in a supreme being.<ref>
{{cite book
 |author=Pickover, Clifford A. |author-link=Clifford A. Pickover 
 |year=1998
 |title=Strange Brains and Genius: The secret lives of eccentric scientists and madmen
 |publisher=Plenum Publishing Company Limited
 |isbn=9780306457845
 |chapter=Oliver Heaviside
 |quote=Religion: A Unitarian, but not religious. Poked fun at those who put their faith in a Supreme Being.
}}
</ref>

Heaviside died on 3&nbsp;February 1925, at [[Torquay]] in [[Devon]] after falling from a ladder,<ref>
{{cite journal
 |title=Oliver Heaviside
 |date=March 1925 |type=obituary
 |journal=Journal of the AIEE
 |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=316–317
 |doi=10.1109/JAIEE.1925.6537168
|s2cid=51663331 }}
</ref> and is buried near the eastern corner of [[Paignton]] cemetery. He is buried with his father, Thomas Heaviside (1813–1896), and his mother, Rachel Elizabeth Heaviside. The gravestone was cleaned thanks to an anonymous donor sometime in 2005.<ref>
{{cite book
 |first=Basil |last=Mahon
 |year=2009
 |title=Oliver Heaviside: Maverick mastermind of electricity
 |publisher=The Institution of Engineering and Technology
 |isbn=9780863419652
}}
</ref> He was always held in high regard by most electrical engineers, particularly after his correction to [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Kelvin]]'s transmission line analysis was vindicated, but most of his wider recognition was gained posthumously.

===Heaviside Memorial Project===
[[File:Comparison of before and after the monument restoration.PNG|thumb|Comparison of before and after the restoration project.]]
In July 2014, academics at [[Newcastle University]], UK and the Newcastle Electromagnetics Interest Group founded the Heaviside Memorial Project<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.heavisidememorialproject.co.uk |title=Heaviside Memorial Project Homepage |journal=Nature |volume=165 |issue=4208 |pages=991–3 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=27 July 2014 |publisher=Heaviside Memorial Project |access-date=31 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718172517/http://heavisidememorialproject.co.uk/ |archive-date=18 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> in a bid to fully restore the monument through public subscription.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.torquayheraldexpress.co.uk/Bid-restore-monument/story-21752656-detail/story.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140806033513/http://www.torquayheraldexpress.co.uk/Bid-restore-monument/story-21752656-detail/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 August 2014 |title=Bid to restore Paignton monument to Oliver Heaviside |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=27 July 2014 |website=www.torquayheraldexpress.co.uk |publisher=Herald Express |access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncl.ac.uk/sage/about/news/item/the-heaviside-memorial-project |title=The Heaviside Memorial Project |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=29 July 2014 |website=www.newcastle.ac.uk |publisher=Newcastle University |access-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729185150/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/sage/about/news/item/the-heaviside-memorial-project |archive-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> The restored memorial was ceremonially unveiled on 30 August 2014 by Alan Heather, a distant relative of Heaviside. The unveiling was attended by the Mayor of Torbay, the [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for Torbay, an ex-curator of the Science Museum (representing the [[Institution of Engineering and Technology]]), the Chairman of the Torbay Civic Society, and delegates from Newcastle University.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.torquayheraldexpress.co.uk/Restored-Heaviside-memorial-unveiled-Saturday/story-22858873-detail/story.html |title=Restored Heaviside memorial unveiled on Saturday |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1 September 2014 |website=www.torquayheraldexpress.co.uk |publisher=Herald Express |access-date=1 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903114836/http://www.torquayheraldexpress.co.uk/Restored-Heaviside-memorial-unveiled-Saturday/story-22858873-detail/story.html |archive-date=3 September 2014}}</ref>

===The Institution of Engineering and Technology===

A collection of Heaviside's papers is held at the [[Institution of Engineering and Technology]] (IET) Archive Centre.<ref>Savoy Hill House 7–10, Savoy Hill, London WC2R 0BU email: archives@theiet.org</ref>  The collection consists of notebooks containing mathematical equations and calculations, annotated pamphlets mainly relating to telegraphy, manuscript notes, drafts of papers, correspondence, drafts of articles for ‘Electromagnetic Theory’.
An audio tribute from 1950 to Oliver Heaviside by Oliver E Buckley, President of Bell Telephone Labs, has been digitised and accessible on the IET Archives biography of Oliver Heaviside.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heaviside |first1=Oliver |title=Oliver Heaviside 1850-1925 |url=https://www.theiet.org/membership/library-archives/the-iet-archives/biographies/oliver-heaviside-1850-1925/ |website=The IET Archives:biographies  |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>

In 1908 Oliver Heaviside was made an Honorary Member of the [[Institution of Electrical Engineers]] (IEE). His entry reads as: “1908 Oliver Heaviside FRS” in the IEE Roll of Honorary Members and Faraday Medallists 1871-1921<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Heaviside |first1=Oliver |title=IEE Roll of Honorary Members and Faraday Medallists 1871-1921 |journal=IET Archives Reference: IET/SPE/4/8/1|date=1908}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Heaviside |first1=Oliver |title=From under the sea to the edge of space: the work of Oliver Heaviside |url=https://ietarchivesblog.org/2023/04/05/from-under-the-sea-to-the-edge-of-space-the-work-of-oliver-heaviside/ |website=Stories of the Institution of Electrical Engineers |date=5 April 2023 |publisher=The IET Archives Blog: Stories from the Institution of Engineering and Technology |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>
In 1922, he became the first recipient of the [[Faraday Medal]], which was established that year. Later on, in 1950 the Institution of Electrical Engineers Council established the Heaviside Premium Award “The Committee have considered the establishment of some form of permanent memorial to Oliver Heaviside and as a result recommend that a Heaviside Premium to the value of £10 be awarded each year for the best mathematical paper accepted.”<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Heaviside Premium Award |title=IEE Council Minutes | date=2 February 1950 | journal=IEE Archive Reference: IET/ORG/2/1/19}}</ref>