Editing Ogyges (section)

==Mythology==

=== Reign ===
Ogyges is also known as king of the [[Ectenes]], who according to [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] were the first inhabitants of Boeotia, where the city of [[Ancient Thebes (Boeotia)|Thebes]] would later be founded.<ref name="Seyffert">Entry "Ogyges" in Oskar Seyffert, ''A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities'', Revised and edited by Henry Nettleship and J.E. Sandys, New York: Meridian Books, 1956.</ref> As such, he became the first ruler of Thebes, which was, in that early time, named ''Ogygia'' (Ὠγυγία) after him. Subsequently, poets referred to the Thebans as ''Ogygidae'' (Ὠγυγίδαι).<ref name="Blakeney">Entry "Ogyges" in [[E. H. Blakeney]], ''Smith's Smaller Classical Dictionary'', Everyman's Library, London: J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1937.</ref> [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], writing from his travels in Boeotia in the 2nd century CE, said: "The first to occupy the land of Thebes are said to have been the Ectenes, whose king was Ogygus, an aboriginal. From his name is derived Ogygian, which is an epithet of Thebes used by most of the poets."<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+9.5.1 9.5.1].</ref>

In yet another version of the story, the Boeotian tradition is combined with that of another part of Greece: Ogyges was king of the Ectenes, who were the first people to occupy Boeotia, but he and his people later settled the area then known as [[Mount Athos|Acte]] (''Akte''). The land was subsequently called Ogygia in his honor but later known as Mount Athos. [[Sextus Julius Africanus]], writing after 221 CE, adds that Ogyges founded [[Eleusis]].<ref name="Chronography">Africanus, ''Chronography'', quoted in [[Eusebius of Caesarea|Eusebius]], ''[[Praeparatio Evangelica]]'', [http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_pe_10_book10.htm 10.10].</ref> In one account, his predecessor was called [[Calydnus|Kalydnos]], son of [[Uranus (mythology)|Ouranos]].<ref>[[Tzetzes]] on [[Lycophron]], 1209</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=[[Simon Hornblower|Hornblower, Simon]]|title=Lykophron, Alexandra: Greek Text, Translation, Commentary, and Introduction|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|location=Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom|pages=433}}</ref>

According to Africanus, Ogygus lived at the time of the [[The Exodus|Exodus]] of the House of Israel from Egypt.<ref name="Chronography" />

Ogyges is possibly the namesake for the [[phantom island]] [[Ogygia]], mentioned in [[Homer]]'s [[Odyssey]]. A long-standing tradition begun by [[Euhemerus]] in the late 4th century BC and supported by [[Callimachus]], endorsed by modern [[Malta|Maltese]] tradition, identifies Ogygia with the island of [[Gozo]], the second largest island in the [[Maltese archipelago]]. Another possibility for the island is the Niobid named [[Niobids|Ogygia]].{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

The historian [[Josephus]] mentions Ogyges as the name of the oak by which the [[Hebrews|Hebrew]] patriarch [[Abraham|Abram]] dwelt while he lived near [[Hebron]].<ref>Josephus. ''Antiquities of the Jews.''  Book I. Chapter 10. Verse 4.  Retrieved from: http://sacred-texts.com/jud/josephus/ant-1.htm</ref> Furthermore, [[Og]], also called "Ogias the Giant", who was king of [[Bashan]] in the [[Old Testament]]; was described as a giant in Deut 3:11, viewed by the [[Hebrews]] as having aided [[Noah]] in building the [[Noah's Ark|Ark]], thus Noah allowed him to stay on the deck of the Ark.

===The deluge of Ogyges===
[[File:Boeotia ancient-en.svg|thumb|Map of ancient Boeotia. The area around the [[Lake Copais]] down to [[Attica]] is related with the [[Ancient Greek flood myths#Ogyges|Ogygian deluge]]]]
The first worldwide flood in Greek mythology, the [[Ogygian deluge]] occurred during his reign and derives its name from him, though some sources regard it as a local flood, such as an inundation of [[Lake Copais]], a large lake once in the center of Boeotia.<ref name="Seyffert"/> Other sources see it as a flood associated with Attica.<ref name="Blakeney"/> This latter view was accepted by Africanus, who says "that great and first flood occurred in Attica, when [[Phoroneus]] was king of [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]], as [[Acusilaus]] relates."

When this deluge has been considered global, a similarity is noticed with [[Noah]]'s flood in the [[Bible]]. Various dates have been assigned to the event, including 2136 BCE ([[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]]), and 1793 BCE (Africanus).<ref name="Chronography"/>

Ogyges survived the deluge but many people perished. After his death, the devastated Attica was without kings for 189 years, until the time of [[Cecrops I|Cecrops]] (Cecrops Diphyes).<ref>[[Theodor Gaster|Gaster, Theodor H.]] [http://home.earthlink.net/~misaak/floods.htm#Gaster Myth, Legend, and Custom in the Old Testament] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020204111850/http://home.earthlink.net/~misaak/floods.htm |date=2002-02-04 }}, Harper & Row, New York, 1969.</ref> Africanus says, "But after Ogyges, on account of the great destruction caused by the flood, what is now called Attica remained without a king one hundred and eighty-nine years until the time of Cecrops. For [[Philochorus]] asserts that that [[Actaeus|Actaeon]] who comes after Ogyges, and the fictitious names, never even existed."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Eusebius|title=The Preparation for the Gospel|year=2012|publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=9781105706790|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1SzAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA320|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

It seems the [[deluge myth|deluge]] of [[Deucalion]] of Greek-mythology is the Greek version of the older legend. [[Deucalion]] and [[Pyrrha]] were the only survivors after the great deluge. Their son [[Hellen]], who became ruler of [[Phthia]] in southern [[Thessaly]], was the patriarch of the [[Hellenes]].