Editing October 22 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1721]] &ndash; The [[Russian Empire]] is proclaimed by Tsar [[Peter the Great|Peter I]] after the [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] defeat in the [[Great Northern War]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Madariaga |first1=Isabel De |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omjXAwAAQBAJ |title=Politics and Culture in Eighteenth-Century Russia: Collected Essays by Isabel de Madariaga |date=17 June 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-88190-2 |pages=15–16 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Solovyov |first=Yevgeny |title=Петр I в Отечественной Историографии: Конца XVIII – Начала XX ВВ |date=2006 |degree=Doctor of Historical Sciences |url=http://www.dissercat.com/content/petr-i-v-otechestvennoi-istoriografii-kontsa-xviii-nachala-xx-vv |place=Moscow |language=ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707094918/http://www.dissercat.com/content/petr-i-v-otechestvennoi-istoriografii-kontsa-xviii-nachala-xx-vv |archive-date=7 July 2018 |trans-title=Peter I in Russian historiography of the late 18th – early 20th centuries |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1724]] &ndash; [[Johann Sebastian Bach|J. S. Bach]] leads the first performance of ''[[Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele, BWV 180|Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele]]'' (Adorn yourself, O dear soul) in [[Leipzig]] on the 20th Sunday after [[Trinity Sunday|Trinity]], based on [[Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele|the communion hymn of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web
  | url = http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000218?lang=en
  | title = Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele BWV 180; BC A 149
  | website = [[Bach Digital]]
  | date = 2024
  | access-date = 10 October 2024
  }}</ref>
*[[1730]] &ndash; Construction of the [[Ladoga Canal]] is completed in Russia.<ref name="nezhikhovsky">Нежиховский Р.А. Река Нева. 3-е изд. Leningrad: Гидрометеоиздат, 1973 (in Russian). p. 158.</ref>
*[[1739]] &ndash; The [[War of Jenkins' Ear]] begins with the first attack on [[La Guaira]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beyer |first=Greg |date=March 15, 2024 |title=What Was the War of Jenkins' Ear? |url=https://www.thecollector.com/what-was-war-jenkins-ear/ |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=The Collector}}</ref>
*[[1746]] &ndash; The College of New Jersey (later renamed [[Princeton University]]) receives its charter.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oberdorfer |first=Don |author-link=Don Oberdorfer |url=https://archive.org/details/princetonunivers0000ober/mode/2up |title=Princeton University: The First 250 Years |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-691-01122-6 |edition=1st |location=Princeton |page=12}}</ref>
*[[1777]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: American defenders of [[Fort Mercer]] on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the [[Battle of Red Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Red Bank Discovery: Hessian burial site offers opportunity for new historic interpretation |url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/red-bank-discovery#:~:text=On%20October%2022%2C%201777%2C%20approximately,from%20several%20American%20naval%20vessels. |access-date=28 February 2025 |website=American Battlefield Trust}}</ref>
*[[1790]] &ndash; [[Northwest Indian War]]: Native American forces defeat the United States, ending the [[Harmar Campaign]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/074/74-1/CMH_Pub_74-1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095920/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/074/74-1/CMH_Pub_74-1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 18, 2015 |title=Defending A New Nation 1783–1811 |last=Maass |first=John R  |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |year=2013 |page=22}}</ref>
*[[1797]] &ndash; [[André-Jacques Garnerin]] makes the first recorded [[parachute]] jump, from {{convert|1000|m}} above Paris.<ref name="soden">{{cite book |last=Soden |first=Garrett |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B4K0rfx_E_kC&pg=PA18 |title=Defying Gravity: Land Divers, Roller Coasters, Gravity Bums, and the Human Obsession with Falling |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-393-32656-7 |pages=21–22 |access-date=24 February 2009}}</ref>
*[[1836]] &ndash; [[Sam Houston]] is inaugurated as the first President of the [[Republic of Texas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haley |first=James L. |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780806136448 |title=Sam Houston |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8061-3644-8 |pages=163–165}}</ref>
*[[1844]] &ndash; The Millerites (followers of [[Baptist]] preacher [[William Miller (preacher)|William Miller]]) anticipate the end of the world in conjunction with the [[Second Advent of Christ]]. The following day becomes known as the [[Great Disappointment]].<ref name="amazingdiscoveries.org">{{cite web |title=The Great Disappointment and the Birth of Adventism |url=http://amazingdiscoveries.org/S-deception-Great-Disappointment_Advent_Miller |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228150319/https://amazingdiscoveries.org/S-deception-Great-Disappointment_Advent_Miller |archive-date=28 February 2021 |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref>
*[[1859]] &ndash; Spain declares [[Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)|war]] on [[Morocco]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fernández-Rivero |first=Juan-Antonio |url=http://eprints.rclis.org/16861/1/Enrique%20Fazio%20en%20la%20Guerra%20Africa.pdf |title=Ceuta y la Guerra de África de 1859–1860 |publisher=Instituto de Estudios Ceutíes |year=2011 |isbn=978-84-92627-30-1 |location=Ceuta |pages=470–471 |chapter=La fotografía militar en la guerra de África: Enrique Facio}}</ref>
*[[1866]] &ndash; A plebiscite ratifies the annexation of [[Veneto]] and [[Mantua]] to Italy, which had occurred three days before on October 19.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1968 |title=Operazioni di voto per il plebiscito nella prima sezione elettorale di Venezia |url=http://www.archivi.beniculturali.it/dga/uploads/documents/Pubblicazioni_LXII_II.pdf |url-status=live |location=Roma |publisher=Ministero dell'Interno |volume=2 |pages=138–140 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006004436/http://www.archivi.beniculturali.it/dga/uploads/documents/Pubblicazioni_LXII_II.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2016 |periodical=Gli Archivi dei Regi Commissari Nelle Province del Veneto e di Mantova}}<!-- auto-translated from Italian by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
*[[1877]] &ndash; The [[Blantyre mining disaster]] in Scotland kills 207 miners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blantyre Mining Disaster |url=http://nationalminingmuseum.com/news/blantyre-mining-disaster/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416044603/http://nationalminingmuseum.com/news/blantyre-mining-disaster/ |archive-date=16 April 2017 |access-date=27 February 2025 |website=National Mining Museum Scotland}}</ref>
*[[1879]] &ndash; Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric [[incandescent light bulb]] (lasting 13{{frac|1|2}} hours before burning out).<ref>{{cite book |last=Israel |first=Paul |url=https://archive.org/details/edisonlifeofinve0000isra |title=Edison: a Life of Invention |publisher=Wiley |year=1998 |page=[https://archive.org/details/edisonlifeofinve0000isra/page/186 186] |url-access=registration}}</ref>
*[[1883]] &ndash; The [[Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)|Metropolitan Opera House]] in New York City opens with a performance of [[Gounod]]'s ''Faust''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Metropolitan Opera {{!}} History, Performance, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Metropolitan-Opera-Association |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1884]] &ndash; The [[International Meridian Conference]] designates the [[Royal Observatory, Greenwich]] as the world's prime meridian.<ref>{{cite book |last=Howse |first=Derek |url=https://archive.org/details/greenwichtimelon0000hows |title=Greenwich Time and the Longitude |date=1997 |publisher=Phillip Wilson |isbn=0-85667-468-0 |page=12 |url-access=registration}}</ref>
*[[1895]] &ndash; In Paris an express train [[Montparnasse derailment|derails]] after overrunning the buffer stop, crossing almost {{convert|30|m|ft|-1}} of concourse before crashing through a wall and falling {{convert|10|m}} to the road below.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Richou |first=G. |date=1895-11-09 |title=L'Accident de la Gare Montparnasse |url=http://cnum.cnam.fr/CGI/fpage.cgi?4KY28.45/373/100/556/5/436 |access-date=2019-01-10 |magazine=[[La Nature]] |pages=369–370 |language=fr |issue=1171 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>