Editing Nu metal (section)

===Musical characteristics===
====Instrumentation====
[[File:ReginaldArvizu.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Korn bassist [[Fieldy]] (''pictured'') cites bassists such as [[Flea (musician)|Flea]] of [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] and [[Les Claypool]] of [[Primus (band)|Primus]] as influences.<ref name="mollylambert" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bassmusicianmagazine.com/2013/10/korns-fieldy-music-outside-of-the-box/ |title=Korn's Fieldy: Music Outside Of The Box |work=[[Bass Musician]] |last=Risser |first=Tim |date=October 1, 2013 |access-date=May 2, 2017}}</ref>]]

Instrumentation in nu metal is heavily [[Syncopation|syncopated]] and is based mostly on guitar [[riff]]s, with riffs often being inspired by groove metal.<ref name="daddy"/> Mid-song bridges and a general lack of [[guitar solo]]s contrasts it with other genres of heavy metal.<ref name="daddy"/><ref name=Sam /> Kory Grow of ''[[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]]'' wrote, "...&nbsp;[i]n its efforts to tune down and simplify riffs, {{nowrap|nu-metal}} effectively drove a stake through the heart of the guitar solo".<ref name="FinalSix">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.revolvermag.com/lists-2/final-six-the-six-best-worst-things-to-come-out-of-nu-metal.html|title=Final Six: The Six Best/Worst Things to Come out of Nu-Metal |last=Grow |first=Kory |magazine=[[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]] |date=February 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611050855/http://www.revolvermag.com/lists-2/final-six-the-six-best-worst-things-to-come-out-of-nu-metal.html |access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=2017-06-11 }}</ref> Another contrast with other [[heavy metal genres]] is nu metal's emphasis on rhythm, rather than on complexity or mood.<ref name="horror"/> The [[wah pedal]] is occasionally featured in nu metal music.<ref name="FinalSix" />

Nu metal bassists and drummers are often influenced by funk and hip hop, respectively, adding to nu metal's rhythmic nature.<ref name="crhythm">{{cite web |url=http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Rock_File_British_Christian_NuMetal/7793/p1/ |title=Rock File: British Christian Nu-Metal |date=June 23, 2003 |publisher=[[Cross Rhythms]] |access-date=January 30, 2014}}</ref><ref name="McIver2008">{{cite book |author-link=Joel McIver |last=McIver |first=Joel |title=The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tFDPx8IDKsoC&pg=PA42 |year=2008 |publisher=Jawbone Press |isbn=978-1-906002-20-6 |page=42 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> [[Blast beat]]s and [[Bass drum#Double bass drum|double bass drumming]], which are both common in heavy metal subgenres such as [[black metal]], [[thrash metal]] and death metal, are uncommon in nu metal,<ref name="Oxford">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXQRDAAAQBAJ&q=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Sound+and+Image+in+Digital+Media&pg=PA730 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sound and Image in Digital Media |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |last1=Vernallis |first1=Carol |last2=Herzog |first2=Amy |last3=Richardson |first3=John |year=2013 |page=315 |isbn=978-0-19-975764-0 |access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> with drummers such as [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot's]] [[Joey Jordison]] and [[Mudvayne]]'s [[Matthew McDonough|Matt McDonough]] being notable exceptions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.musicradar.com/news/joey-jordison-metal-drummer-death-tribute |title=5 reasons Joey Jordison was one of the most influential metal drummers of all time |work=Music Radar |date=July 26, 2022 |accessdate=September 19, 2023 |last=Williams |first=Stuart}}</ref> Nu metal's similarities with many heavy metal subgenres include its use of [[common time]], [[distortion (music)|distorted]] guitars, and [[power chord]]s and note structures primarily revolving around [[Dorian mode|Dorian]], [[Aeolian mode|Aeolian]] or [[Phrygian mode|Phrygian]] [[musical mode|modes]].<ref name="daddy"/> While loud and heavily [[distortion (music)|distorted]] electric guitars are a core feature of all metal genres, nu metal guitarists took the sounds of "violence and destruction" to new levels with their overdriven guitar tone, which music journalists Kitts and Tolinski compared to the "...sound [of] a Mack truck being crushed by a collapsing skyscraper."<ref>Whitehead, Neil L. ''Virtual War and Magical Death: Technologies and Imaginaries for Terror and Killing''. Duke University Press, 2013. p. 221</ref>

Some nu metal bands use [[seven-string guitar]]s<ref name="MichiganDaily" /> that are generally [[guitar tunings|down-tuned]],<ref name="Oxford" /><ref name="ozzfest2">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_r67h7Z-cYC&q=%22nu+metal%22+subgenre&pg=PA4 |title=Ozzfest |last=Robinson |first=Greg |page=10 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-4042-1756-0 |year=2008 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> rather than traditional {{nowrap|[[six-string guitar]]s.{{sfn|McIver|2002|pp=12–13}}}} Likewise, some bass guitarists use [[extended-range bass|five-string and six-string]] instruments.{{sfn|McIver|2002|pp=12–13}}<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQhEAgAAQBAJ&q=Popular+Music:+Topics,+Trends+%26+Trajectories |title=Popular Music: Topics, Trends & Trajectories |publisher=[[SAGE Publications|SAGE]] |year=2011 |last=Brabazon |first=Tara |isbn=978-1-84787-436-8 |page=162 |access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> {{nowrap|Bass guitar-playing}} in nu metal often features an emphasis on funk elements.<ref name="MichiganDaily" /> In nu metal music, [[Turntablism|DJs]] are sometimes featured to provide instrumentation such as [[sampling (music)|sampling]], turntable [[scratching]] and [[electronic musical instrument|electronic]] backgrounds.{{sfn|McIver|2002|pp=12–13}} {{nowrap|Nu metal}} tends to have hip hop grooves and rhythms.<ref name="Sam">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2000/sep/03/features.review87 |title=America's 'nu metal' bands have the world at their feet |newspaper=[[The Observer]] |last=Taylor |first=Sam |date=September 2, 2000 |access-date=September 22, 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Udo|2002|p=16}}<ref name="MichiganDaily">{{cite news |url=https://www.michigandaily.com/content/bside/nu-metal-shouldnt-be-forgotten |title=Nu-metal's lasting legacy |last=Porter |first=Jack |newspaper=[[The Michigan Daily]] |date=October 21, 2008 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref>

====Vocals====

Vocal styles used in nu metal music include singing,{{sfn|Udo|2002|p=16}} [[rapping]],<ref name="Sam" /><ref name="RockNAmerica" /> [[screaming (music)|screaming]]<ref name="Oxford" /><ref name="RockNAmerica" /> and [[death growl|growl]]ing.<ref name=RockNAmerica>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8WnBgAAQBAJ&q=Rock%27n+America:+A+Social+and+Cultural+History |title=Rock'n America: A Social and Cultural History |last=Weinstein |first=Deena |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4426-0015-7 |quote="Nu-metal and grunge shared similar lyrical themes, focusing on negative emotions of personal hurt, alienation, and anger. It's angst-ridden aggression was underscored by vocalists who rapped, screamed, or growled." |access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> Vocals in nu metal are often rhythmic and influenced by hip hop.<ref name=Utsandiego /> While some nu metal bands, such as [[Limp Bizkit]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spin.com/2013/05/limp-bizkit-fred-durst-new-album-interview-2013/ |title=Fred Durst Answers for Limp Bizkit's Legacy |work=[[Spin (magazine)|SPIN]] |last=Herzog |first=Kenny |date=May 29, 2013 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> and [[Linkin Park]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-feb-01-ca-19532-story.html |title=Linkin Park's Rap 'n' Rock |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |last=LeCaro |first=Lina |author-link=Lina Lecaro |date=February 1, 2001 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.complex.com/music/2012/04/interview-mike-shinoda-talks-new-linkin-park-album-and-ranks-his-top-5-rappers |title=Interview: Mike Shinoda Talks New Linkin Park Album And Ranks His Top 5 Rappers |work=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]] |date=April 30, 2012 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> have rapping in their music, other nu metal bands, such as [[Godsmack]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2199&dat=20010922&id=UoIyAAAAIBAJ&pg=6413,694032&hl=en |title=Energetic Godsmack takes rock music to a hard place |work=[[Lawrence Journal-World]] |last=Stout |first=Alan K. |date=September 22, 2001 |page=6D |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> and [[Staind]],<ref name="StaindArtistDirect" /> do not.

Nu metal bands occasionally feature hip hop musicians as guests in their songs; Korn's song "Children of the Korn" features the rapper [[Ice Cube]], who performed on the band's [[Family Values Tour 1998|1998 Family Values Tour]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/502143/korn-ice-cube-blur-line-between-rap-and-rock/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925173226/http://www.mtv.com/news/502143/korn-ice-cube-blur-line-between-rap-and-rock/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |title=Korn, Ice Cube Blur Line Between Rap And Rock |publisher=[[MTV]] |last=McLeod |first=Kembrew |date=September 28, 1998 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://exclaim.ca/Music/article/ice_cube-neighbour_with_attitude |title=Ice Cube Neighbour With Attitude |work=[[Exclaim!]] |last=Fox |first=Luke |date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> The hip hop musician [[Nas]] was featured on Korn's song "Play Me", which is on the band's album ''[[Take a Look in the Mirror]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1480173/korn-land-nas-for-mirror-ask-fans-to-direct-new-video/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929180229/http://www.mtv.com/news/1480173/korn-land-nas-for-mirror-ask-fans-to-direct-new-video/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 29, 2015 |title=Korn Land Nas For Mirror, Ask Fans To Direct New Video |publisher=[[MTV]] |last=Moss |first=Corey |date=November 4, 2003 |access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> Limp Bizkit has recorded with multiple hip hop musicians including [[Method Man]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/517983/limp-bizkit-method-man-redman-continue-touring/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925173152/http://www.mtv.com/news/517983/limp-bizkit-method-man-redman-continue-touring/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |title=Limp Bizkit, Method Man, Redman Continue Touring |publisher=[[MTV]] |last=Kaufman |first=Gil |date=October 5, 1999 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> [[Lil Wayne]],<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1554417/limp-bizkit-is-ready-to-go-with-lil-wayne-on-new-single-listen |title=Limp Bizkit Is 'Ready To Go' with Lil Wayne On New Single |last=Lipshutz |first=Jason |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=March 25, 2013 |access-date=September 25, 2015}}</ref> [[Xzibit]],<ref name="Chocolate">{{cite magazine |title=Personal Bizness |magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |author=Christgau, Robert |year=2001 |volume=17 |number=1 |issn=0886-3032 |pages=111–112 <!--|access-date=January 25, 2017-->|author-link=Robert Christgau }}</ref> [[Redman (rapper)|Redman]],<ref name="Chocolate" /> [[DMX (rapper)|DMX]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1450894/dmx-fred-durst-to-record-together-again/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926011953/http://www.mtv.com/news/1450894/dmx-fred-durst-to-record-together-again/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |title=DMX, Fred Durst To Record Together Again |publisher=[[MTV]] |last=Reid |first=Shaheem |date=November 21, 2001 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> and [[Snoop Dogg]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/observer/omm/reviews/story/0,,1045834,00.html |title=Limp Bizkit, Results May Vary: 1 star |newspaper=[[The Observer]] |date=September 21, 2003 |access-date=September 25, 2015}}</ref> [[Linkin Park]] collaborated with hip hop musician [[Jay-Z]] on their 2004 extended play ''[[Collision Course (EP)|Collision Course]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/name/7551 |title=Jay-Z/Linkin Park: Collision Course |author=Long, Pat |work=[[NME]] |date=December 11, 2004 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> [[Kid Rock]] has recorded with hip hop musicians [[Eminem]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jogCmD7sRkwC&q=Eminem:+Crossing+the+Line |title=Eminem: Crossing the Line |last=Huxley |first=Martin |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-4299-7574-2 |year=2000 |page=86 |quote="Em also contributed a raucous verse to the metallic "Fuck Off" on Kid Rock's breakthrough album ''Devil Without a Cause''" |access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> and Snoop Dogg.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1450180/american-bad-asses-wanted-for-kid-rock-video/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926015516/http://www.mtv.com/news/1450180/american-bad-asses-wanted-for-kid-rock-video/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |title=American Bad Asses Wanted For Kid Rock Video |publisher=[[MTV]] |last=D'Angelo |first=Joe |date=October 19, 2001 |access-date=September 25, 2015}}</ref> Trevor Baker of ''[[The Guardian]]'' wrote, "Bands such as Linkin Park, Korn and even the much reviled Limp Bizkit&nbsp;... did far more to break down the artificial barriers between 'urban music' and rock than any of their more critically acceptable counterparts."<ref name="guardian">{{cite web|last=Baker |first=Trevor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2008/feb/06/whyitsworthcelebratingnume |title=Why it's worth celebrating nu-metal's anniversary |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 6, 2008 |access-date=June 27, 2014}}</ref>

====Lyrics====
Lyrics in nu metal songs are often angry or nihilistic;{{sfn|Udo|2002|p=16}}<ref name="MichiganDaily" /><ref name=RockNAmerica /> many of the genre's lyrics focus on topics such as pain,<ref name="KahnHarris"/><ref name=RockNAmerica /> angst,<ref name="Sam" /><ref name=RockNAmerica /> bullying,<ref name="firstpost-anatomy" /> emotional issues,<ref name="firstpost-anatomy" /><ref name="MichiganDaily" /> abandonment,<ref name="firstpost-anatomy" /><ref name="MichiganDaily" /> betrayal,<ref name="firstpost-anatomy" /> and personal alienation,<ref name="KahnHarris"/><ref name=RockNAmerica /> in a way similar to those of grunge.<ref name="firstpost-anatomy">{{cite web |last=Pradhan |first=Karan |title=The anatomy of a scene: Charting the rise, dominance, and fall of nü metal |url=http://www.firstpost.com/living/the-anatomy-of-a-scene-charting-the-rise-dominance-and-fall-of-nu-metal-2578612.html |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=January 11, 2016 |access-date=February 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="KahnHarris"/><ref name=RockNAmerica /><ref name=slayer>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UffkZCMjXzoC&q=The+Bloody+Reign+of+Slayer |last=McIver |first=Joel |author-link=Joel McIver |title=The Bloody Reign of Slayer |year=2008 |publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=978-1-84938-386-8 |access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> Many nu metal lyrics that are about these topics tend to be in a very direct tone.<ref name="MichiganDaily" /> However, some {{nowrap|nu metal}} songs have lyrics that are about other topics. [[P.O.D.]] has used positive lyrics about promise and hope.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/satellite-mw0000010193 |title=Satellite – P.O.D. |website=[[AllMusic]] |last=Birchmeier |first=Jason |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> The nu metal<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kerrang.com/25257/ultimate-nu-metal-mixtape/ |title=The Ultimate Nu Metal Mixtape |work=[[Kerrang!]] |date=November 10, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> song "[[Bodies (Drowning Pool song)|Bodies]]" by [[Drowning Pool]] is about [[moshing]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Drowning Pool respond to Arizona shooting link with their song 'Bodies{{'-}} |url=https://www.nme.com/news/drowning-pool/54507 |work=[[NME]] |last=Bychawski |first=Adam |date=January 11, 2011 |access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> ''[[The Michigan Daily]]'' wrote about [[Limp Bizkit]]'s lyrics, writing that the band "used the nu-metal sound as a way to spin testosterone fueled fantasies into snarky white-boy rap. Oddly, audiences took frontman [[Fred Durst]] more seriously than he wanted, failing to see the intentional silliness in many of his songs".<ref name="MichiganDaily" /> Limp Bizkit's lyrics have also been described as misogynistic.{{sfn|Devenish|2000|pp=67–68}} [[Dope (band)|Dope]]'s lyrics are usually about sex, drugs, parties, women, violence, and relationships.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/29833/Dope-No-Regrets/ |title=Review: Dope – No Regrets |website=Sputnikmusic |last=Altküla |first=Magnus |date=March 11, 2009 |access-date=October 28, 2015}}</ref> In contrast, according to Josh Chesler of the ''[[Phoenix New Times]]'', the lyrics of [[Deftones]], who were once considered a nu metal band, "tend to have complex allusions and leave the songs open to many different interpretations."<ref name="JoshChesler" />