Editing Novi Sad (section)

=== Older settlements ===
[[File:Casque orné 4ème siècle Musée Novi Sad Colisée Rome Italie.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''Roman golden helmet'', [[Museum of Vojvodina]]]]

{{Quote box
| width = 26em
| align = left
| bgcolor = #B0C4DE
| title = Historical affiliations
| fontsize = 90%
| quote = {{flagicon image| Flag of Hungary (11th c. - 1301).svg}} [[Principality of Hungary]] 895-1000<br />
{{flagicon image| Flag of Hungary (13th century).svg}} [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Kingdom of Hungary]] 1000–1526<br />
{{flag|Ottoman Empire}} 1526–1687<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg}} [[Habsburg monarchy]] 1694–1804<br />
{{flag|Austrian Empire}} 1804–1867<br />
{{flagicon image| Flag of Hungary (1896-1915; angels).svg}} [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] 1867–1918<br />
{{flag|Kingdom of Serbia}} 1918<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg}} [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]{{refn|Officially known as the ''Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes'' until 1929}} 1918–1941<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1920–1946).svg}} [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]] 1941–1944<br />
{{flag|SFR Yugoslavia}}{{refn|Known as ''Democratic Federal Yugoslavia'' until 1945}} 1944–1992<br />
{{flag|Serbia and Montenegro}}{{refn|Officially known as the ''Federal Republic of Yugoslavia'' until 2003}} 1992–2006<br />
{{flag|Republic of Serbia}} 2006–
}}

Human habitation in the territory of present-day Novi Sad has been traced as far back as the [[Stone Age]]. Several settlements and [[necropolis]]es dating to 5000 BC were unearthed during the construction of a new boulevard in [[Avijaticarsko Naselje|Avijatičarsko Naselje]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rtv.rs/sr_lat/vojvodina/novi-sad/arheolosko-nalaziste-na-cetvrtoj-trasi-bulevara-evrope_322804.html|title=Arheološko nalazište na četvrtoj trasi Bulevara Evrope|author=Javna medijska ustanova Radio-televizija Vojvodine|work=Radio-televizija Vojvodine|access-date=18 March 2015|language=sr}}</ref> A settlement was also identified on the right bank of the river [[Danube]] in present-day [[Petrovaradin]].

In antiquity, the region was inhabited by [[Celtic tribes]], most notably the [[Scordisci]]. Celts had been present in the area since the 4th century BC and founded the first fortress on the right bank of the Danube. Later, in the 1st century BC, the region was conquered by the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]]. During Roman rule, a larger fortress was built in the 1st century, named ''Cusum'', and included in the [[Roman province]] of [[Pannonia]].

In the 5th century, Cusum was devastated by [[Huns|Hunnic invasions]]. By the end of the century, the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] had rebuilt the town and called it ''Petrikon'' or ''Petrikov'' ({{langx|el|Πέτρικον}}) after [[Saint Peter]]. [[Slavs|Slavic]] tribes such as the [[Severians]], the [[Obotrites]] and the [[Serbs]] (including the subtribes of the [[Braničevci]] and the [[Timočani]]) settled the region around Novi Sad, mainly in the 6th and 7th centuries.<ref name="Sava S 1998, page 36">Sava S. Vujić – Bogdan M. Basarić, ''Severni Srbi (ne)zaboravljeni narod,'' Beograd, 1998, pg. 36<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>{{unreliable source?|date=April 2013}} The Serbs absorbed the aforementioned Slavic groups as well as the [[Prehistory of Southeastern Europe|Paleo-Balkanic]] peoples of the region.<ref name="Sava S 1998, page 36" />

In the Middle Ages, the area was controlled by the [[Ostrogoths]], [[Gepids]], [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]], [[Franks]], [[West Slavs|West Slavic groups]], again by the Byzantines, and finally by the [[Hungarians]]. It was a part of the medieval [[Kingdom of Hungary]] from its foundation in 1000 until the Ottoman invasion in the 16th century. Hungarians began to settle in the area, which before that time had been mostly populated by Slavs. The earliest known mention was as the Hungarian variant ''Peturwarad'' or ''Pétervárad'' (Serbian: ''Petrovaradin''/Петроварадин), derived from the Byzantine variant, found in documents from 1237. That year, several other settlements were mentioned as existing in the territory of modern-day urban Novi Sad.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

From the 13th century to the 16th century, the following settlements existed in the urban territory of the modern-day Novi Sad:<ref name=Curcin>Branko Ćurčin, [[Slana Bara]] nekad i sad, Novi Sad, 2002.</ref><ref name="Borovszky">Borovszky Samu: Magyarország vármegyéi és városai, Bács-Bodrog vármegye I.-II. kötet, Apolló Irodalmi és Nyomdai Részvénytársaság, 1909.</ref>
*on the right bank of the Danube: ''Pétervárad'' ({{langx|sr|Petrovaradin}}) and ''Kamanc'' ({{langx|sr|Kamenica}}).
*on the left bank of the Danube: ''Baksa'' or ''Baksafalva'' ({{langx|sr|Bakša, Bakšić}}), ''Kűszentmárton'' ({{langx|sr|Sent Marton}}), ''Bivalyos'' or ''Bivalo'' ({{langx|sr|Bivaljoš, Bivalo}}), ''Vásárosvárad'' or ''Várad'' ({{langx|sr|Vašaroš Varad, Varadinci}}), ''Zajol I'' ({{langx|sr|[[Gornje Livade, Novi Sad|Sajlovo I]], Gornje Sajlovo, Gornje Isailovo}}), ''Zajol II'' ({{langx|sr|[[Sajlovo]] II, Donje Sajlovo, Donje Isailovo}}), ''Bistritz'' ({{langx|sr|[[Bistrica (Novo Naselje)|Bistrica]]}}). Some other settlements existed in the suburbs of Novi Sad: ''Mortályos'' (Serbian: ''Mrtvaljoš''), ''Csenei'' ({{langx|sr|[[Čenej]]}}), ''Keménd'' ({{langx|sr|[[Kamendin, Sirig|Kamendin]]}}), ''Rév'' ({{langx|sr|Rivica}}).{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

An etymology of settlement names reveals that some designations are of [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] origin, which indicates that the areas were initially inhabited by Slavs, particularly the [[West Slavs]]. For example, Bivalo (Bivaljoš) had a large Slavic settlement dating from the 5th–6th centuries.<ref name="Curcin" /> Other names are of [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] origin (for example Bélakút, Kűszentmárton, Vásárosvárad, Rév), indicating that the settlements were inhabited by Hungarians before the [[Ottoman invasion]] in the 16th century.<ref name="Borovszky" /> Some settlement names are of uncertain origin.

Tax records from 1522 show a mix of Hungarian and Slavic names among the inhabitants of these villages, including Slavic names like Bozso (Božo), Radovan, Radonya (Radonja), Ivo, etc. Following the Ottoman invasion in the 16th–17th centuries, some of these settlements were destroyed. Most of the surviving Hungarian inhabitants retreated from the area. Some of the settlements persisted under Ottoman rule and were populated by ethnic Serbs.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

Between 1526 and 1687, the region was under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule. In 1590, the population of all villages in the territory of present-day Novi Sad numbered 105 houses, inhabited exclusively by Serbs. Ottoman records mention only those who paid taxes, so the number of Serbs who lived in the area (for example, those that served in the [[Military of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman army]]) was likely larger than was recorded.<ref>{{cite book|author=Đorđe Randelj|title=Novi Sad slobodan grad|year=1997|language=sr}}</ref>