Editing News presenter (section)

==Criticisms==
[[File:Brian Williams interviews Mitt Romney, July 25, 2012.jpg|thumb|right|[[Brian Williams]] interviews [[Mitt Romney]] on July 25, 2012, during [[Mitt Romney presidential campaign, 2012|Romney's presidential campaign]].]]

Anchors occupy a contestable role in news broadcasts. Some argue anchors have become sensationalized characters whose identities overshadow the news itself,<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=385793965|title=Brian Williams Case Raises Fundamental Questions About An Anchor's Role|date=February 12, 2015|access-date=April 27, 2015 |publisher=National Public Radio|type=Radio broadcast}}</ref> while others cite anchors as necessary figureheads of "wisdom and truth"<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/schedule-for-friday-april-24-1.3047087/should-the-tv-news-anchor-go-the-way-of-the-dodo-1.3047127|title=Should the TV news anchor go the way of the dodo?|date=April 24, 2015|work=the q|access-date=April 26, 2015|type=radio broadcast}}</ref> in the news broadcast. The role of the anchor has changed in recent years following the advent of [[News satire|satirical journalism]] and [[citizen journalism]], both of which relocate the interpretation of truth outside traditional professional journalism, but the place anchormen and anchorwomen hold in American media remains consistent. "Just about every single major news anchor since the dawn of the medium after World War II has been aligned with show business," says Frank Rich, writer-at-large for [[New York (magazine)|''New York'' magazine]], in a polemic against commoditized news reporting, "reading headlines to a camera in an appealing way is incentivized over actual reporting".<ref name=":0" /> 

[[Brian Williams]], a former anchor for ''[[NBC Nightly News]]'', evidences this lapse in credibility generated by the celebration of the role of the anchor. In early 2015, Williams apologized to his viewers for fabricating stories of his experiences on the scene of major news events, an indiscretion resulting in a loss of 700,000 viewers for ''NBC Nightly News''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Starr |first=Michael |url=https://nypost.com/2015/02/18/nbc-nightly-news-loses-700k-viewers-after-brian-williams-scandal/ |title='NBC Nightly News' loses 700K viewers after Brian Williams scandal|date=February 18, 2015 |newspaper=[[New York Post]] |access-date=April 27, 2015}}</ref> David Folkenflik of NPR asserted that the scandal "corrodes trust in the anchor, in NBC and in the greater profession",<ref name=":1" /> exhibiting the way in which the credibility of the anchor extends beyond their literal place behind the news desk and into the expectation of the news medium at large. CBS's long-running nighttime news broadcast ''[[60 Minutes]]'' displays this purported superfluousness of anchors, insofar as it has no central figurehead in favor of many correspondents with similarly important roles. Up-and-coming news networks like ''[[Vice (magazine)#VICE HBO series|Vice]]'' magazine's documentary-style reporting also eschew traditional news broadcast formatting in this way, suggesting an emphasis on on-site reporting and deemphasizing the importance of the solitary anchor in the news medium. In her essay, "News as Performance", Margaret Morse posits this connection between anchor persona newsroom as an interconnected identity fusing many aspects of the newsroom dynamic:

<blockquote>For the anchor represents not merely the news ''per se'', or a particular network or corporate conglomerate that owns the network, or television as an institution, or the public interest; rather, he represents the complex nexus of all of them. In this way, the network anchor position is a "symbolic representation of the institutional order as an integrated totality" (Berger and Luckmann 1967, p. 76), an institutional role on par with that of the president or of a Supreme Court justice, although the role originates in corporate practices rather than political or judicial processes. [...]<ref name=":2">{{cite book|title=The Television Studies Reader|last=Morse|first=Margaret|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=9780415283243|location=New York |page=213|editor-last=Robert C. Allan & Annette Hill}}</ref></blockquote>

Despite the anchor's construction of a commodified, aestheticized version of the news, some critics defend the role of the anchor in society, claiming that they function as a necessary conduit of credibility. The news anchor's position as an omnipotent arbiter of information results from their place behind a typically elevated desk, wherefrom they interact with reporters through a screen-within-screen spatial setup. A criticism levied against the role of anchor stems from this dynamic, insofar as anchors simply "... regurgitat[e] or reproduc[e] the report of others...", differentiating them from the productive occupations of journalists and on-site reporters.<ref name=":0" /> However, journalism professor Elly Alboim articulates the pro-anchor position by characterizing the anchor's nightly presence as a necessary way to build familiarity and trust between the network and its viewers: "People tend to want to believe and trust in television news and start, really, from the anchor".<ref name=":1" /> Beneficial or not, the anchor fits snugly into the "[[Cult of personality|personality cult]]" engendered within American society that encourages celebrity that demands a hierarchy of authority, evidenced by the negligible change in ratings following implementation of new anchors in broadcast lineups.<ref name=":1" /> The identity of a particular anchor seems to influence viewer perception less than the presence of an anchor in general.

The role of the anchor correlates with the analogous, authority- and information-bearing positions already well-established in [[Politics of the United States|American politics]], and the benefits it confers upon the political realm elucidate the compatibility between these two systems of information. Once again, Morse outlines this relationship between the anchor and the larger context in which they operate: "[s]ince there are few other organs for inclusive and substantial discourse on social and cultural values in American life, the responsibility for interpreting the world and posing a political course of action and a social agenda falls on a very limited number of public personas, including such news personalities and the president".<ref name=":2" /> She levies a criticism against the anchor in this case, claiming that by decreasing the number of people responsible for delivering the news, American viewers receive a bottlenecked stream of information about their surroundings. The choreography and performativity involved in the construction of the news broadcast dramatizes political processes, but in doing so, exposes its flattening of [[subjectivity]] and insistence upon itself as the final word of truth. More specifically, "the news media may do 'an important social good when using the techniques of dramaturgy to make governance more interesting to people than would be the case otherwise.' At the same time, however, 'there is an important difference between drama and democracy, with the former requiring [[Television viewer|spectators]] and the latter participants.'"<ref>{{cite book|title=Campaign Talk: Why Elections Are Good for Us|url=https://archive.org/details/campaigntalkwhye0000hart|url-access=registration|last=Hart|first=Roderick|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2000|isbn=1-4008-0354-3|location=Princeton, NJ|page=[https://archive.org/details/campaigntalkwhye0000hart/page/182 182]}}</ref> 

In contrast to perceptions of the news as a one-sided relationship with its viewers, some believe that the news works in conjunction with its audience to produce the most efficient picture possible of the world. Tom Brokaw, in speaking about his experiences as a news anchor for NBC, explained how news stories for the length of their duration tend to feed off viewers' demands, and that news is inherently a "populist medium", and that "[p]eople are not going to turn to television networks for a historically accurate and detailed description of what happened."<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=42761120|title=Broadcast News: Television Coverage and Public Opinion|last=Brokaw|first=Tom|date=Spring 1993|journal=Harvard International Review|volume=15|issue=3|page=37}}{{subscription required}}</ref>